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噴灌定額和灌水頻次對(duì)冬小麥產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0201502),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51621061)和北京市糧經(jīng)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目


Effects of Irrigation Quota and Irrigation Frequency on Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat under Sprinkler Irrigation System
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    摘要:

    為了解圓形噴灌機(jī)不同灌溉定額和灌水頻次對(duì)冬小麥產(chǎn)量及籽粒品質(zhì)的影響,于2014—2016年在北京市順義區(qū)進(jìn)行了水肥一體化大田試驗(yàn),,共設(shè)置3種灌水處理(W1,、W2,、W3),其中2014—2015年灌溉定額分別為135,、112.5,、90mm,2015—2016年分別為154.5,、132,、109.5mm。每種處理在冬小麥的返青-拔節(jié)、拔節(jié)-抽穗和抽穗-灌漿期土壤含水率分別達(dá)到田間持水量的70%,、75%和75%時(shí)進(jìn)行灌水,。每個(gè)生育時(shí)期又按灌水定額設(shè)置為1次灌水(C1)和均分成2次灌水(C2),其中C2處理2次灌水時(shí)間間隔為9d,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,冬小麥拔節(jié)-抽穗期的階段耗水量和日均耗水量均最大,W1處理產(chǎn)量最高,。2015—2016年灌溉定額與灌水頻次對(duì)水分利用效率的影響均不顯著,,但水分利用效率有隨灌溉定額增加而降低的趨勢(shì),最大水分利用效率為W3處理的2.28kg/m3,。在W1和W2處理下,,分2次灌水有利于提高冬小麥的穗數(shù)、產(chǎn)量和容重等指標(biāo),,其中W1C2組合獲得最高產(chǎn)量9286.4kg/hm2,。灌溉定額與灌水頻次組合對(duì)產(chǎn)量的效應(yīng)中,灌溉定額起主導(dǎo)作用,。建議北京地區(qū)冬小麥在圓形噴灌機(jī)條件下采用W1C2灌水方案,,在返青-拔節(jié)、拔節(jié)-抽穗,、抽穗-灌漿期分別灌水45,、55.5、54mm,,且均分成2次灌水,。

    Abstract:

    To explore the effects of different irrigation quotas and irrigation frequencies on winter wheat yield and grain quality under center pivot irrigation system, a field experiment on fertigation of winter wheat was carried out in 2014—2016 at Shunyi District, Beijing. Three irrigation treatments (W1, W2 and W3) were investigated with irrigation quotas of 135mm, 112.5mm and 90mm in 2014—2015, and 154.5mm, 132mm and 109.5mm in 2015—2016, respectively. Irrigations were applied at recovering-jointing stage, jointing-heading stage and heading-grain filling stage respectively, as the soil water content reached 70%, 75% and 75% of the field capacity, respectively. Each irrigation was sprayed at one time (C1) or at two times (C2) with equal irrigation amount at 9 d interval. The results showed that both the total water consumption and the average daily consumption of winter wheat from jointing to heading stage were the largest, and the highest yield was achieved under W1 treatment. The effects of the irrigation quota and irrigation frequency on water use efficiency were not significant in 2015—2016. The water use efficiency was decreased with the increase of irrigation quota, and the largest water use efficiency was 2.28kg/m3 at W3 treatment. Under the treatments of W1 and W2, the irrigation at two times can improve the spike number, yield and bulk density of winter wheat. The maximum yield was 9286.4kg/hm2 under the treatment of W1C2. The irrigation quota had more effect on wheat yield than irrigation frequency. Comprehensively, an effective method of irrigation was suggested for winter wheat in Beijing at recovering-jointing, jointing-heading and heading-grain filling stages with 45mm, 55.5mm and 54mm, respectively. Each irrigation could be applied equally at two times under center pivot irrigation system.

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周麗麗,薛彬,孟范玉,李晶晶,臧文靜,嚴(yán)海軍.噴灌定額和灌水頻次對(duì)冬小麥產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(1):235-243. ZHOU Lili, XUE Bin, MENG Fanyu, LI Jingjing, ZANG Wenjing, YAN Haijun. Effects of Irrigation Quota and Irrigation Frequency on Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat under Sprinkler Irrigation System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):235-243.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-01-10
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