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我國規(guī)模化養(yǎng)豬場糞便重金屬污染特征與農(nóng)用風(fēng)險評價
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山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2016DB28),、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院青年科研基金項目(2016YQN40),、山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016CYJS05A01-3),、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新重點項目(2014CXZ01),、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(CXGC2016B09)和“海外泰山學(xué)者”建設(shè)工程專項


Characteristics of Heavy Metals Pollution in Pig Manures and Environmental Risks Evaluation in Intensive Pig Farming Areas in China
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    摘要:

    系統(tǒng)收集了我國21省市規(guī)?;B(yǎng)豬場糞便和11省市豬飼料重金屬濃度數(shù)據(jù),分析了其污染特征,,同時對各省市豬糞總量及其重金屬總含量,、豬糞安全農(nóng)用年限進(jìn)行了估算。結(jié)果表明:在21省市中,,豬糞中Cu,、Zn、As,、Cd,、Cr平均含量超標(biāo)省市分別占到95.2%、85.7%,、33.3%,、20%和5.26%。在其中有豬飼料數(shù)據(jù)的11省市中,,豬飼料Cu含量超標(biāo)的樣品數(shù)量占到100%(四川除外,,為75%),,超標(biāo)倍數(shù)在13.2~49.0之間,;豬飼料Zn含量超標(biāo)的樣品數(shù)量占到60.0%~100%,超標(biāo)倍數(shù)在1.3~9.5之間,。豬糞和飼料間Cu,、Zn達(dá)到極顯著相關(guān)水平(p<0.01),。豬糞安全農(nóng)用估算結(jié)果表明,,限制我國規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖場豬糞農(nóng)用的主要因素是Cu,、Zn和Cd,。吉林省,、遼寧省和山東省分別連續(xù)施用豬糞16,、23、91a,,土壤中Cd含量超過國家土壤質(zhì)量二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB 15618—2008),。北京連續(xù)施用豬糞65、51a而天津連續(xù)施用豬糞53,、91a,,土壤Cu和Zn含量分別超過國家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建議在生豬養(yǎng)殖及其糞便農(nóng)用過程中,,不僅要從源頭嚴(yán)格控制飼料中Cu、Zn等微量元素添加量,,還應(yīng)按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格控制豬糞農(nóng)田施用量,。

    Abstract:

    Information about the concentrations of heavy metals in pig manure from large-scale pig farms was collected from 21 provinces and cities in China, and information about the concentrations of heavy metals in pig feeds was collected from 11 provinces and cities. The data were analyzed systematically to evaluate the total amount of pig manure and heavy metals produced in each province. The period over which the pig manure could safely be applied to agricultural land was assessed by calculating the total amount of heavy metals found in the manure produced and the total land available for application in each province and city. The results indicated that in the 21 provinces and cities, 20 of them had pig manure samples that were over the recommended concentration limit for Cu, 18 of them were over the limit for Zn, six of them were over the limit for As, four of them were over the limit for Cd and one of them was over the limit for Cr. Moreover, in 10 provinces 100% of the pig feed samples were over the national standard for Cu (13.2~49.0 times of the standard) and in one province 75% were over the standard. On average, for Zn concentrations the pig feeds were 1.3~9.5 times of the national standard. There were significant positive correlations for Cu and Zn between pig manures and feeds (p<0.01). The main limitations to the land application of the pig manure were due to the amounts of Cu, Zn and Cd. For example, in Jilin, Liaoning and Shandong Provinces, the concentrations of Cd in soils would exceed the environmental quality standards for soils after 16, 23 and 91 years, respectively, if the manure was applied to land in these provinces at the current rate. Additionally, the concentrations of Cu and Zn in soils in Beijing would exceed the standards in 65 and 51 years, respectively, while in Tianjin the soil standards for Cu and Zn would be exceeded in 53 and 91 years, respectively. This analysis suggested that it was important to control the rates of pig manure application in agriculture and reduce the amounts of Cu and Zn in pig feeds.

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薄錄吉,李彥,LUO Jiafa,張英鵬,井永蘋,劉兆輝.我國規(guī)模化養(yǎng)豬場糞便重金屬污染特征與農(nóng)用風(fēng)險評價[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(1):258-267. BO Luji, LI Yan, LUO Jiafa, ZHANG Yingpeng, JING Yongping, LIU Zhaohui. Characteristics of Heavy Metals Pollution in Pig Manures and Environmental Risks Evaluation in Intensive Pig Farming Areas in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):258-267.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-01-10
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