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春茶采摘末期遮蔭對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)的影響
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江蘇省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè))項(xiàng)目(BE2016354)、江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項(xiàng)目(CX(16)1045)、江蘇高校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目(2014-37)和江蘇省普通高校研究生科研創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(SJLX15-0506)


Effects of Shading Cultivation on Growth and Quality of Spring Tea during Final Harvesting Period
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    摘要:

    為延長(zhǎng)春茶采摘期,提高其產(chǎn)量,進(jìn)行了遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)遮蔭栽培試驗(yàn)研究。根據(jù)不同遮光率和不同遮蔭高度,在茶園中設(shè)置4個(gè)處理:60%遮光率+2.0m遮蔭高度(T1)、40%遮光率+2.0m遮蔭高度(T2)、40%遮光率+2.5m遮蔭高度(T3)和無遮蔭的對(duì)照處理(CK);試驗(yàn)全程分為前、中、后期。試驗(yàn)研究以上各處理遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)內(nèi)外溫、濕度環(huán)境的差異,茶樹新稍、葉片生長(zhǎng)狀況和茶芽葉品質(zhì)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:遮蔭后,茶樹冠層處的日最高氣溫顯著降低,遮光率越高降幅越大,最大降幅為3.9℃;08:00—17:00的最低相對(duì)濕度均增大,遮光率越高增幅越大,最大增幅為9.01%;新稍長(zhǎng)度、粗度均增加,以T1處理的增幅最大,分別為22.3%和13.5%;新稍葉片的葉綠素相對(duì)含量和芽葉含水率,隨著遮光率增大而增高;與CK處理相比,T1處理的新稍葉片日平均凈光合速率變大,而T2和T3顯著變小;T3處理增加了茶葉水浸出物、茶多酚和酚氨比,降低了氨基酸含量,導(dǎo)致茶湯濃厚、苦澀味加重;而T1處理在試驗(yàn)前期增加了咖啡堿含量,降低了水浸出物含量和酚氨比。綜上所述,在春茶采摘末期采用60%遮光率的遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行遮蔭栽培,對(duì)于保持春茶品質(zhì)、延長(zhǎng)采摘期具有重要的生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo)意義。

    Abstract:

    In order to extend the plucking period of spring tea and improve its yield, the shading cultivation experiment was carried out. Three treatments with different shading rates and shading heights were applied as 60% shading rate with shading height of 2.0m(T1), 40% shading rate with shading height of 2.0m(T2), 40% shading rate with shading height of 2.5m(T3)and none-shading(CK). The experiment period was divided into early, middle and late stages from final harvesting period. The differences of temperature, relative humidity, growth status and tea quality among all treatments were analyzed. Compared with CK, the results showed that after shading, maximum daily air temperature around canopy was decreased significantly with the maximum temperature drop of 3.85℃ and average minimum relative humidity around canopy was increased with the maximum increase of 9.01% from 08:00 to 17:00;the new twig length and the stem thickness of T1 were increased by 22.3% and 13.5%, respectively;as shading rate was increased, relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)and water content of leaves and buds were increased;the average photosynthetic rate of leaves of T1 was increased, while those of T2 and T3 were decreased;as for T3, water extract, polyphenols and the ratio of polyphenols to amino acid were increased, but amino acid was decreased, leading to the tea tasted thicker and bitter;as for T1, its caffeine was increased, while water extract and the ratio of polyphenols to amino acid were decreased significantly during the early stage. Therefore, shading cultivation with shading rate of 60% was of significance to maintain the quality of spring tea, extend the plucking period and increase yield during final harvesting period.

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胡永光,江豐,MAHMOOD Ashraf,劉鵬飛.春茶采摘末期遮蔭對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(1):283-289. HU Yongguang, JIANG Feng, MAHMOOD Ashraf, LIU Pengfei. Effects of Shading Cultivation on Growth and Quality of Spring Tea during Final Harvesting Period[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):283-289.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-01-10
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