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水稻栽植機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700802),、國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51675188)、廣東省科技計劃項(xiàng)目(2016A020210101)和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(CARS-01-33)


Research Progress of Rice Transplanting Mechanization
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    摘要:

    水稻栽植機(jī)械化是水稻種植機(jī)械化的主要方向,也是水稻全程機(jī)械化的研究重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。本文分析了我國水稻種植機(jī)械化的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、特點(diǎn)及制約因素,,重點(diǎn)闡述了水稻機(jī)械化育秧技術(shù)與裝備,、機(jī)械化移栽技術(shù)與裝備的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展動態(tài),。秧盤育秧是實(shí)現(xiàn)水稻機(jī)械化移栽的前提,,重點(diǎn)分析了秧盤育秧精密播種技術(shù),、作業(yè)自動化技術(shù)和精密播種智能化技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展。毯狀苗機(jī)插秧和缽體苗機(jī)栽插是水稻機(jī)械化移栽的2種主要方式,,移栽機(jī)械控制技術(shù)是移栽機(jī)械作業(yè)自動化和智能化的基礎(chǔ)和核心,,在分析我國水稻機(jī)械化移栽方式與裝備的基礎(chǔ)上,對毯狀苗機(jī)插秧技術(shù)和缽體苗機(jī)栽插技術(shù)面臨的主要問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析和總結(jié),,對移栽機(jī)械控制和智能化技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了闡述,,提出加強(qiáng)耕整地機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用,解決雜交稻,、超級雜交稻,、雙季晚稻和連作晚稻機(jī)栽植問題是水稻栽植機(jī)械化技術(shù)的研究重點(diǎn),提升秧盤育秧精密播種技術(shù)的播種均勻性,、解決低播量下精密播種育秧,、毯狀苗插秧機(jī)縱向送秧的精準(zhǔn)性和農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝深度融合是突破毯狀苗機(jī)插秧技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵,研發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)高效,、輕簡型的缽體苗栽插裝備是發(fā)展缽體苗機(jī)栽插技術(shù)的核心,,加強(qiáng)移栽機(jī)械控制和智能化技術(shù)研究是栽植機(jī)械化進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的方向。

    Abstract:

    Rice transplanting mechanization is a key and critical technology in rice full-mechanized production, which has become the main development direction of rice production in China. The development status, characteristics and constraints of rice transplanting mechanization in our country were analyzed, especially the research status and development trend of technology and equipment in rice mechanized transplanting and seedling nursing were expounded. Seedling nursing in tray is the precondition for realizing rice mechanized transplanting. The research progress of precision seeding technology, operation automation technology and precision seeding intelligentization technology of seedling nursing in trays is emphatically analyzed. Rice transplanting mechanical control technology is the foundation and core of automation and intelligentization operation in transplanting machines, which mainly includes two ways of rice transplanting mechanization as blanket-shaped seedling and potted seedling mechanical transplanting. Based on the analysis of rice mechanization transplanting method and equipment in China, the main problems on those two kinds of seedlings transplanting technology were systematically analyzed and summarized, the research status of control technology of transplanting machine was discussed. It even put forward to strengthen the research and application of tillage mechanization technology, solve the difficult problem about hybrid rice and super hybrid rice mechanical transplanting, solve the problem about double season late rice and continuous cropping late rice mechanical transplanting, which is a research emphasis on rice transplanting mechanization technology. Improving sowing uniformity of precision seeding of seedling nursing technology, solving the blanket-shaped seedling precision of longitudinal amount of transplanting seedling and the depth of integration among agricultural and agronomic is a difficult problem for breaking through the key technology of rice transplanting mechanization. Inventing an economical and efficient potted seedling transplanting machinery is the core of developing potting seedling mechanical transplanting technology. Strengthening the transplanting mechanical control technology is the further development direction of transplanting mechanization.

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李澤華,馬旭,李秀昊,陳林濤,李宏偉,袁志成.水稻栽植機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(5):1-20. LI Zehua, MA Xu, LI Xiuhao, CHEN Lintao, LI Hongwei, YUAN Zhicheng. Research Progress of Rice Transplanting Mechanization[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):1-20.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-05-10
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