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2BFJ-24型小麥精量播種變量施肥機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700502)和河南省科技開放合作項目(152106000036)


Design and Test of 2BFJ-24 Type Variable Fertilizer and Wheat Precision Seed Sowing Machine
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    為了提高冬小麥播種質(zhì)量與種肥利用率,,降低生產(chǎn)成本,,針對中原地區(qū)冬小麥適度規(guī)模種植種肥同播作業(yè)方式粗放、效能低的特點,基于CAN總線通信協(xié)議下的車載傳感器與PIC控制融合技術(shù),,設(shè)計了2BFJ-24型小麥精量播種變量施肥機,由播種施肥機械部件,、種子漏播監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、肥料堵塞監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),、變量施肥控制系統(tǒng)及車載計算機組成。通過紅外光電檢測可實時監(jiān)測排種管種子流量情況,,通過檢測排肥管下端口內(nèi)介電常數(shù)變化可實時獲取肥料下落信號,;通過集成GPS模塊獲取機器田間位置信息,結(jié)合預(yù)先加載的田塊處方圖,,確定當(dāng)前位置目標(biāo)施肥量,,并基于壓力傳感與微機控制解算當(dāng)前施肥量和流量信息,按照機器前進(jìn)速度實時調(diào)整施肥量,;最終實現(xiàn)作業(yè)過程漏播,、堵塞聲光報警與精準(zhǔn)施肥目的。田間試驗結(jié)果表明,,整機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)能夠適應(yīng)復(fù)雜田間環(huán)境,,漏播監(jiān)測準(zhǔn)確率可達(dá)91%,肥料堵塞報警誤差小于2%,,變量施肥準(zhǔn)確率超過96%,,具有較好的實用性和經(jīng)濟性

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the winter wheat sowing quality and fertilizer utilization rate and reduce production costs, and aiming at the extensive and low efficient characteristics of sowing and fertilizer application in winter wheat with moderate scale in central of China, based on the vehicle-based sensing of the CAN bus communication protocol and PIC control fusion technology, the 2BFJ-24 wheat precision sowing and variable fertilizer machine was designed. The system of machine consisted of sowing and fertilizing machinery parts, seed leakage monitoring parts, fertilizer jam alarm parts, variable fertilization control parts and vehicle computer. The seed row seed flow situation can be real-time monitored through the infrared photoelectric detection, and fertilizer drop signal can be real-time accessed by detecting changes in dielectric constant of the lower end of the fertilizer pipe. The machine field position can be obtained through the integrated GPS module, the fertilizer amount for current target location can be determined combined with the pre-loaded plots prescription, and the current fertilizer and flow information can be calculated based on the pressure sensor and computer to, according to the machine speed to adjust fertilizer amount in time, and ultimately achieve the process of sowing leaking or fertilizer blocked alarm and precision fertilization purposes. The field test results showed that the whole machine monitoring system can adapt to the complex environment field, with leak detection accuracy of up to 91% or more, fertilizer jam alarm error was less than 2%, and the variable fertilization accuracy rate was more than 96%, indicating that it had good practicality and economy.

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金鑫,李倩文,苑嚴(yán)偉,邱兆美,周利明,賀智濤.2BFJ-24型小麥精量播種變量施肥機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(5):84-92. JIN Xin, LI Qianwen, YUAN Yanwei, QIU Zhaomei, ZHOU Liming, HE Zhitao. Design and Test of 2BFJ-24 Type Variable Fertilizer and Wheat Precision Seed Sowing Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):84-92.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-10-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-05-10
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