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2BDB-6(110)型大豆仿生智能耕播機設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700701),、國家科學自然基金項目(51705194)和吉林省科技發(fā)展計劃項目(20160307011NY)


Design and Experiment of 2BDB-6(110) Soybean Bionic Intelligent Till-sowing Machine
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    摘要:

    針對中國東北地區(qū)春季播種時耕種層地溫回升較慢和土壤水分不足,,嚴重阻礙大豆發(fā)育的問題,,設計了2BDB-6(110)型大豆仿生智能耕播機,,該機一次進地可同時完成淺松,、碎土,、播種,、扶壟和鎮(zhèn)壓等作業(yè),在完成播種施肥作業(yè)的同時,,有效提升耕種層土壤溫度和含水率,。本文運用逆向工程和曲線擬合等方法,設計出具有減粘降阻功效的仿野兔爪趾淺松鏟和仿穿山甲鱗片扶壟鏟,;運用STC89C52單片機設計了具有鎮(zhèn)壓力實時監(jiān)控功能的鎮(zhèn)壓力自動調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng),。通過田間單因素對比試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)仿生淺松扶壟耕整機構可提高一定深度范圍內(nèi)的土壤溫度,,與傳統(tǒng)耕整機構相比可降低作業(yè)阻力13%~20%,;鎮(zhèn)壓力自動調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)可顯著提高鎮(zhèn)壓作業(yè)穩(wěn)定性,提高平均土壤含水率(0~100mm)1.36%,;通過參數(shù)優(yōu)化試驗得出耕播聯(lián)合作業(yè)最佳參數(shù)組合為淺松深度20cm,,鎮(zhèn)壓強度48kPa;通過對比驗證試驗發(fā)現(xiàn),,淺松,、扶壟耕播聯(lián)合作業(yè)與傳統(tǒng)播種作業(yè)模式相比,可分別提升10,、20,、30cm深度土壤溫度0.7、1.3,、0.9℃,,提升平均土壤含水率(0~100mm)0.47%,縮短大豆出苗時間0.52d,,提高大豆產(chǎn)量2.05%,。

    Abstract:

    Insufficient soil water content and slower accumulated temperature rise of the plow layer during spring time tillage in Northeast China severely restricts soybean root growth and soybean development. Based on these issues, a 2BDB-6(110) soybean bionic intelligent till-sowing machine was designed, which was capable of shallow loosening, soil crushing, seeding, ridging and compaction. This machine could significantly raise the soil temperature and water content of plow layer when sowing and fertilizing. And then the bionics, machinery design, reverse engineering and curve fitting were methodologically combined to design a hare claw toe bionic shallow loosening shovel and a pangolin scale bionic ridging shovel both with the anti-drag function, and microcontroller was used to design pressure intelligent monitoring system. Field comparative tests confirmed that the bionic shallow loosening and ridging tillage preparing devices significantly increased the soil temperatures within a certain range, which outperformed the traditional tillage sowing device in reducing operational drag by 13%~20% and the real-time pressure monitoring device can significantly enhance the stability of compaction intensity and increase the average soil water content (0~100mm) by 1.36%. Parameter optimization experiment suggested that the optimal parameters of tillage sowing combined operation were as follows: shallow loosening depth of 20cm,and compaction strength of 48kPa. By contrast verification test, it was found that compared with traditional seeding machine, the proposed machine could raise the soil temperature by 0.7℃(depth at 10cm),1.3℃(depth at 20cm) and 0.9℃(depth at 30cm, raise the average soil water content (0~100mm) by 0.47%, advance soybean emergence time by 0.52 d, and increase soybean yield by 2.05%. It was a powerful guarantee for per-unit-area soybean production in Northeast China.

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賈洪雷,鄭健,趙佳樂,郭明卓,莊健,王增輝.2BDB-6(110)型大豆仿生智能耕播機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(5):93-107. JIA Honglei, ZHENG Jian, ZHAO Jiale, GUO Mingzhuo, ZHUANG Jian, WANG Zenghui. Design and Experiment of 2BDB-6(110) Soybean Bionic Intelligent Till-sowing Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):93-107.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-05-10
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