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起壟覆膜條件下夏玉米農(nóng)田耗水過程分析
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國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2013AA102904)


Analysis of Water Consumption in Summer Maize Field under Planting Pattern of Ridge-Furrow with Plastic Film Mulching
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    摘要:

    起壟覆膜是西北地區(qū)常用的一種種植方式,具有顯著的增產(chǎn)效應(yīng),但是其增產(chǎn)是否導(dǎo)致了過度消耗土壤水分仍然存在爭(zhēng)議,。為了探究起壟覆膜增產(chǎn)是否具有可持續(xù)性,在陜西楊凌開展了連續(xù)3年(2014—2016)的夏玉米種植試驗(yàn),,設(shè)置起壟覆膜(RM)和平作不覆蓋(NM)兩個(gè)處理,在試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合HYDRUS-2D模型分析起壟覆膜對(duì)夏玉米蒸騰、土壤蒸發(fā)及深層滲漏等田間耗水過程的影響,。結(jié)果表明:HYDRUS-2D模型率定和驗(yàn)證的R2在0.65~0.85之間,RMSE在0.0147~0.0213cm3/cm3之間,,說明該模型可以較好地模擬土壤水分變化過程。RM處理下夏玉米3年平均蒸騰速率比NM處理大18.2%,,蒸騰量高15.6%,;蒸發(fā)速率比NM處理小33.3%,土壤蒸發(fā)量低29.6%,;蒸騰量的增加和蒸發(fā)量的減少使RM處理蒸發(fā)量占總蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的比值比NM處理小25.5%,。RM處理的深層滲漏3年分別為82.5、46.0,、9.0mm,,平均是NM處理的1.3倍。RM處理3年平均增產(chǎn)5.3%,,水分利用效率提高15.2%,,并且田間耗水量減少了2.8%。本研究結(jié)果表明起壟覆膜能增大作物蒸騰量,,減小土壤蒸發(fā)量,,促使無效水轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)性用水,因此減小了田間水分消耗,,具有節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng),,適合在當(dāng)?shù)赝茝V,。

    Abstract:

    Ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching planting is commonly used in Northwest China because it can obviously increase yield, but it is still unknown whether the effect of increasing yield is based on consuming more water or not. In order to explore above question, field experiments were conducted in Yangling of Shaanxi Province for three maize seasons with two treatments of ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching planting (RM) and flat field without mulching (NM). The HYDRUS-2D model combined with field experiment was also used to study soil water movement. The simulated results showed that HYDRUS-2D model performed well for simulating the movement of soil water, the coefficient of determination R2 was between 0.65 and 0.85, the root mean square error (RMSE) was between 0.0147cm3/cm3 and 0.0213cm3/cm3, both were in suitable range. Transpiration rate and cumulative transpiration of RM were 18.2% and 15.6% larger than those of NM, respectively. RM decreased evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation by 33.3% and 29.6%, respectively. The value of E/ET (ratio between evaporation and evapotranspiration) was also decreased under RM by 25.5%, but leakage of deep water of RM was 82.5mm, 46.0mm and 9.0mm for three years, which were about 1.3 times as large as that of NM. Summer maize yield and water use efficiency of RM were increased by 5.3% and 15.2%, respectively, and water consumption of field was reduced by 2.8%. The research result showed that RM treatment can change the water consumption structure of crop and make soil water to be more available for crop, because it can increase the maize transpiration and decrease the soil evaporation, thus decrease the water consumption of field, so it was profitable in Northwest China.

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馮 浩,王 杰,王乃江,劉建超,褚曉升,董勤各.起壟覆膜條件下夏玉米農(nóng)田耗水過程分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(9):205-213. FENG Hao, WANG Jie, WANG Naijiang, LIU Jianchao, CHU Xiaosheng, DONG Qin’ge. Analysis of Water Consumption in Summer Maize Field under Planting Pattern of Ridge-Furrow with Plastic Film Mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):205-213.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-09-10
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