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黑土區(qū)水稻生長生理特性與產量對耗水過程的響應
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC040010101)和東北農業(yè)大學農業(yè)部水資源高效利用重點實驗室開放項目(2017009)


Response of Growth Physiological Characteristic and Yield of Rice to Water Consumption Process in Black Soil Region
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    摘要:

    為了探究黑土區(qū)水稻生長生理特性及產量對耗水過程的響應規(guī)律,于2017年5月18日—9月20日在黑龍江省水稻灌溉試驗站的蒸滲儀內進行了水稻耗水試驗,。采用U7(7.6)均勻試驗設計,,解析了各生育時期耗水量對水稻生長生理特性及產量的影響。結果表明:水稻生育期內耗水強度總體呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢,,在抽穗開花期達到最大,,為5.66mm/d;耗水模系數(shù)在整個分蘗期達到最大,,平均值為43.98%,,抽穗開花期后趨于穩(wěn)定。分蘗后期耗水量(ET3)對葉片干物質量影響最大,;莖鞘和穗干物質量對拔節(jié)孕穗期,、抽穗開花期耗水量(ET4,、ET5)的響應程度最為顯著(P<0.01);分蘗中,、后期耗水量(ET2,、ET3)對根干物質量分別存在最大正效應、負效應,;除分蘗前期耗水量(ET1)外,,分蘗中期至抽穗開花期耗水量對根系傷流量影響由大到小順序為:ET2、ET3,、ET4,、ET5;分蘗中期,、拔節(jié)孕穗期,、抽穗開花期耗水量對氣孔導度和蒸騰速率的影響為正效應(P<0.05),分蘗前期耗水量對蒸騰速率的影響為負效應(P<0.05),;除分蘗前期耗水量外,,分蘗中期至抽穗開花期耗水量對胞間CO2濃度和凈光合速率影響由大到小順序分別為:ET5、ET2,、ET4,、ET3和ET2、ET5,、ET4,、ET3?!糤TBZ〗分蘗中期,、拔節(jié)孕穗期、抽穗開花期的水分敏感指數(shù)值分別為0.120,、0.244,、0.252,這3個時期耗水量對產量影響更為顯著,。該研究可為黑土區(qū)水稻節(jié)水灌溉制度制定提供依據(jù),。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the response of growth physiological characteristic and yield of rice to the water consumption process in black soil region, the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017. The U7(7.6) experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of water consumption at each stage on growth physiological characteristic and yield of rice. The results showed that the water consumption intensity during the growth period of rice generally showed a trend of rising firstly and then decreasing, the maximum water consumption intensity at headingflowering stage was 5.66mm/d; the maximum water consumption percentage during the whole tillering stage was 43.98%, which tended to be stable after the headingflowering stage. The water consumption at the late tillering stage had the greatest influence on dry matter weight of rice leaf; the dry matter weight of stem sheath and spike had significant response to the water consumption at jointingbooting stage and headingflowering stage (P<0.01); the water consumption at the midtillering stage and late tillering stage showed a greatest positive and negative effects on dry matter weight of root, respectively; except for the early tillering stage, the effect of water consumption from the midtillering stage to headingflowering stage on the amount of bleeding of root was represented as ET2, ET3, ET4 and ET5; the water consumption at the midtillering stage, jointingbooting stage and headingflowering stage had a positive effect on Gs and Tr (P<005); the water consumption at the early tillering stage showed a negative effect on Tr (P<0.05); except for ET1, the effect of water consumption from the midtillering stage to headingflowering stage on Ci and Pn were represented as ET5, ET2, ET4, ET3 and ET2, ET5, ET4 and ET3,respectively. The λ at the midtillering stage, jointingbooting stage and headingflowering stage were 0.120, 0.244 and 0.252, respectively, and the water consumption of these three stages had more significant effects on rice yield. The research result would provide a basis for making watersaving irrigation of rice in black soil region.

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魏永霞,汝 晨,吳 昱,劉 慧,楊軍明,侯景翔.黑土區(qū)水稻生長生理特性與產量對耗水過程的響應[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(9):214-225. WEI Yongxia, RU Chen, WU Yu, LIU Hui, YANG Junming, HOU Jingxiang. Response of Growth Physiological Characteristic and Yield of Rice to Water Consumption Process in Black Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):214-225.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-09-10
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