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雜交稻氣送式集排器成穴供種裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0301204,、2017YFD030171)


Design and Experiment of Seed Hill Feeding Device in Pneumatic Centralized Metering Device for Hybrid Rice
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    摘要:

    為適應(yīng)雜交稻氣送式集排器的穴播要求,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種集中定量供種的成穴供種裝置。闡述了雜交稻氣送式集排器成穴供種裝置的工作原理,,基于雜交稻機(jī)械物理參數(shù)和穴播農(nóng)藝要求,提出了一種漸開(kāi)線狀型孔,,確定了主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,構(gòu)建了種子群充種和投種過(guò)程的力學(xué)模型。臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)研究了雜交稻品種,、漸開(kāi)線型排種輪數(shù)量和轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)供種和成穴性能的影響,。結(jié)果表明:漸開(kāi)線型排種輪數(shù)量和轉(zhuǎn)速分別為3~8和10~40r/min時(shí),供種數(shù)量隨漸開(kāi)線型排種輪數(shù)量和轉(zhuǎn)速增加而增加,,供種數(shù)量范圍為2392~17732粒/min,;轉(zhuǎn)速為20~40r/min時(shí),供種數(shù)量變異系數(shù)均低于1.0%,。成穴供種裝置可適應(yīng)多種雜交稻品種,,供種數(shù)量受種子長(zhǎng)度和容重的影響。穴供種數(shù)量隨排種輪數(shù)量增加顯著增加,,隨轉(zhuǎn)速增加而降低,;較優(yōu)轉(zhuǎn)速為20~30r/min,,穴供種數(shù)量為19~38粒,其變異系數(shù)均低于25.0%,。穴徑隨轉(zhuǎn)速和排種輪數(shù)量增加而增加,,穴距保持穩(wěn)定。田間試驗(yàn)表明成穴供種裝置可實(shí)現(xiàn)穴播,,平均株數(shù)和穴距分別為3.07株/穴和180.2mm,,符合水稻直播技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to adjust to the requirement of hill seeding for pneumatic centralized metering device for hybrid rice, a seed hill feeding device was designed to supply quantitative seeds. According to the mechanical and physical properties of rice seeds and agronomic requirement of hill seeding, the involutetype modelhole was introduced. The main structural parameters of the seed hill feeding device were determined and the mechanical models of seed filling and throwing processes were established. The effects of varieties of rice seeds, number of involutetype feeding unit and rotational speed on seed feeding and hillforming performance were carried out in bench test. The results showed that when the number of involutetype feeding unit was 3~8 and rotational speed was 10~40r/min, the seed quantity was increased with the increase of number of involutetype feeding unit and rotational speed. The range of seed quantity was 2392~17732 grains per minute. The variation coefficient of seed quantity was less than 10% for the rotational speed of 20~40r/min. The seed hill feeding device could be applied in different varieties of rice seeds, but the seed quantity was affected by the length and bulk density of rice seed. The seed quantity per hill was increased with the increase of number of involutetype feeding unit, and decreased with the decrease of rotational speed. The optimum rotational speed which resulted in the variation coefficient of seed quantity per hill less than 25.0% was 20~30r/min. The seed quantity per hill was 19~38 grains. The hill diameter was increased with the increase of number of involutetype feeding unit and rotational speed. The seed spacing was stable for different treatments. The field experiments indicated that the hill seeding could be realized by using the seed hill feeding device. The average seedlings and seed spacing were 3.07 seedlings per hill and 180.2mm, respectively, which met the agronomic requirements of rice directseeding. The results can provide basis for structural design of pneumatic centralized metering device and hill seeding for hybrid rice.

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雷小龍,楊文浩,劉禮陽(yáng),劉洪男,任萬(wàn)軍,陳 勇.雜交稻氣送式集排器成穴供種裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(11):58-67. LEI Xiaolong, YANG Wenhao, LIU Liyang, LIU Hongnan, REN Wanjun, CHEN Yong. Design and Experiment of Seed Hill Feeding Device in Pneumatic Centralized Metering Device for Hybrid Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):58-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10
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