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生態(tài)沃土機械化耕作對兩熟區(qū)土壤理化特性的短期影響
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山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2018LD002),、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD03006)和山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系玉米創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊機械加工崗位專家項目


Short-term Effects of Mechanical and Ecological Tillage Pattern on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in Arid Area
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    摘要:

    以4年為一周期,,設(shè)計一種生態(tài)沃土機械化耕作模式(MET),,周期內(nèi)將翻耕、苗帶旋耕,、免耕、深松4種不同的耕作措施組合,對土壤進(jìn)行適度耕作,,并以連續(xù)免耕(CNT)和傳統(tǒng)翻耕(CCT)為對照,研究MET對小麥玉米兩熟區(qū)不同耕層土壤理化特性的短期影響,。結(jié)果表明:MET能夠顯著提高土壤結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量,,增加土壤肥力,避免土壤板結(jié),,生態(tài)效應(yīng)和沃土效果顯著,。顯著增加0~30cm土層土壤大團(tuán)聚體含量,提高土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性,,平均水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體含量分別比CNT和CCT高8.2%和30.4%,;有效降低0~30cm土層土壤容重,平均容重分別比CNT和CCT小0.089,、0.125g/cm3,;增加0~30cm土層全氮、速效磷和速效鉀含量,,對堿解氮含量影響不顯著;增加土壤有機碳含量,,平均有機碳含量分別比CNT和CCT高0.36、0.61g/kg,,并且各層之間有機碳含量分布較均衡,,CNT只增加0~10cm土層有機碳含量,CCT只增加10~20cm土層有機碳含量,。MET顯著增加小麥的平均單株分蘗數(shù),、有效穗粒數(shù)和千粒質(zhì)量,從而顯著增加小麥產(chǎn)量,,分別比CNT和CCT增產(chǎn)14%和14.9%,;小麥播前進(jìn)行的耕作有一定的后效,對玉米產(chǎn)量有影響,,MET與CNT通過增加玉米的有效穗粒數(shù)和千粒質(zhì)量,,增加玉米產(chǎn)量,兩者產(chǎn)量的差異不顯著,,但均顯著高于CCT,,分別高7.4%和3.7%,。

    Abstract:

    A mechanical and ecological tillage pattern (MET) which combined ploughing, rotary tillage of seeding strip, no-tillage and subsoiling in four years for a cycle was designed. To study the short-term effects of the pattern on physical and chemical characteristics of soil and groups yields in arid area, the positing experiment of four years in wheatcorn two cropping area was carried on and with continuous no-tillage (CNT) and conventional tillage (CCT) for comparison. The experiment results showed that the MET improved the quality of soil structure and soil fertility significantly, prevented soil harden, and the ecological and fertile soil effects were remarkable. It increased the aggregate content in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer significantly and improved soil structure stability, and the average aggregate content of water stability was 8.2% and 30.4% higher than those of the CNT and CCT, respectively. It reduced the bulk density of soil in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer effectively, its average bulk density was 0.089g/cm3 and 0.125g/cm3 smaller than those of the CNT and CCT. It increased the content of total nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer as well, but there were no significant impacts on the content of available nitrogen. It added the content of organic carbon, the organic carbon content in MET was 0.36g/kg and 0.61g/kg higher than those in CNT and CCT, respectively, and the organic carbon concentration distribution was balanced between the layers of 0~10cm,10~20cm and 20~30cm.However, the CNT only added the organic carbon content in 0~10cm soil layer and the CCT only increased the organic carbon content in 10~20cm soil layer. The MET increased wheat yields significantly by increasing the average wheat tillering, effective spike and grain number per spike, the wheat yields of MET was 14% and 14.9% higher than those of CNT and CCT, respectively. The tillage methods before wheat sowing had after effects to a certain extent on corn, the MET and the CNT improved the corn yields by increasing the effective ear of corn and grain number per spike, the corn yields of the MET and CNT were 7.4% and 3.7% higher than that of CCT, respectively, but there was no significant difference between them.

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張銀平,王振偉,刁培松,杜瑞成,李洪文,姚文燕.生態(tài)沃土機械化耕作對兩熟區(qū)土壤理化特性的短期影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(12):45-55. ZHANG Yinping, WANG Zhenwei, DIAO Peisong, DU Ruicheng, LI Hongwen, YAO Wenyan. Short-term Effects of Mechanical and Ecological Tillage Pattern on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in Arid Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):45-55.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-12-10
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