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旱直播種植對水稻植株水分分布與抗倒伏特性的影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC040010101),、東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)水資源高效利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放項(xiàng)目(2017009)和黑龍江省博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(LBH-Z17017)


Effects of Dry Direct Seeding on Water Distribution and Lodging Resistance of Rice Plants
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    摘要:

    為探討節(jié)水灌溉種植模式對水稻體內(nèi)的水分分布特征和抗倒伏特性的影響,,于2017年5—10月在黑龍江省慶安縣采用測坑微區(qū)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置3個處理:滴灌旱直播(DH),、漫灌旱直播(MH)和常規(guī)插秧淹灌(CK),并以CK處理作為對照,。結(jié)果表明:DH與MH處理的葉,、鞘、莖和冠部濕基含水率在全生育期均低于CK處理,,但根部濕基含水率從分蘗末期開始均高于CK處理,。乳熟期和黃熟期莖部不同節(jié)間濕基含水率(W)、節(jié)間長度(L),、株高均以DH處理最低,、CK處理最高,而莖部單位長度節(jié)間質(zhì)量(Uw)均以DH處理最大,、CK處理最小,。相比CK處理,DH處理顯著提高了水稻莖部的抗折力(F),、折斷彎矩(Bm)和彎曲應(yīng)力(Bs),,降低了彎曲力矩(Wp)、斷面模數(shù)(Z)和倒伏指數(shù)(Li),,這表明滴灌旱直播種植模式顯著提高了水稻的抗倒伏能力,。不同參數(shù)間的相關(guān)關(guān)系表明,L,、W,、Wp、Z與Li之間均表現(xiàn)為極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),,而Uw,、F、Bm,、Bs與Li呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),,且水稻莖部濕基含水率與倒伏指數(shù)呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),這說明利用莖部濕基含水率能夠表征和預(yù)測水稻的倒伏指數(shù),。本研究可為解決東北黑土區(qū)水稻倒伏,、用水效率低下等問題提供新的方法和途徑。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effect of water saving irrigation pattern on water distribution and lodging resistance of rice plants, a test was carried out in Qing’an County, Heilongjiang Province from May to October 2017. Three treatments were set: drip irrigation dry direct seeding (DH), flood irrigation in dry land (MH) and conventional basin irrigation (CK). The results showed that the moisture content of the total wet base of crown and leaf, sheath and stem treated by DH and MH was lower than that of CK at full growth stage, but the moisture content of root wet base was higher than that of CK at the end of tillering stage. The moisture content of different internodes (W), internode length (L) and plant height in the stems of milk ripening and yellow ripening stage were the lowest in DH, and the CK treatment was the highest, but the unit internode weight (Uw) of stem was the largest in DH, and the CK treatment was the smallest. Compared with CK, DH significantly improved the flexural force (F), broken bending moment (Bm) and bending stress (Bs) of rice stem, and reduced the bending moment (Wp), crosssection modulus (Z) and lodging index (Li), indicating that the drought resistance of rice was significantly improved by drip irrigation and dry direct seeding. The correlation between different parameters showed that L, W, Wp, Z and Li showed significant positive correlation (P<0.01), while Uw, F, Bm, Bs and Lishowed significant negative correlation (P<0.05), and the moisture content of the wet base of rice stems had significantly positive correlation, indicating that the water content of stems could be used to characterize and predict the lodging index of rice. The research results can provide new methods and ways to solve the problems of rice lodging and low water efficiency in the black soil area of Northeast China. It was of great significance to ensure the grain yield and the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in the black soil area of Northeast China.

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魏永霞,侯景翔,吳昱,劉慧,汝晨,王柏.旱直播種植對水稻植株水分分布與抗倒伏特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(2):227-241. WEI Yongxia, HOU Jingxiang, WU Yu, LIU Hui, RU Chen, WANG Bai. Effects of Dry Direct Seeding on Water Distribution and Lodging Resistance of Rice Plants[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(2):227-241.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-02-10
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