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正負(fù)氣壓組合管針式西洋參集排器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51875229、51405180)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700702)


Design and Experiment of Positive and Negative Pressure Combined Tube-Needle Centralized Seeding Device for American Ginseng
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)西洋參種植農(nóng)藝要求窄行距單粒精密播種、但缺乏適用精密播種技術(shù)與裝備的問題,,設(shè)計(jì)一種采用負(fù)壓吸種,、正壓卸種的管針式集排器。分析了集排器的工作原理,,確定了主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),開展了集排器并聯(lián)各行氣流分配均勻性仿真分析,構(gòu)建了排種器吸種和卸種環(huán)節(jié)力學(xué)模型,,通過臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)測(cè)試了集排器性能。仿真分析表明,,各行排種針末端種子吸附面氣流流速的變異系數(shù)為2.923%,,集排器并聯(lián)各行排種針流場(chǎng)分配較均勻;臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)表明,,集排器的單行合格指數(shù)可達(dá)90%以上,;二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)結(jié)合響應(yīng)曲面分析表明,影響合格指數(shù)的因素主次順序?yàn)榕欧N軸轉(zhuǎn)速,、吸種負(fù)壓,、卸種正壓,集排器最佳性能工作參數(shù)組合為排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速13.10~17.70r/min,、吸種負(fù)壓4.25~4.50kPa及卸種正壓2.90kPa時(shí),,集排器單行的排種合格指數(shù)大于88.50%、漏播指數(shù)小于5.00%,、重播指數(shù)小于7.50%,;選取該范圍內(nèi)不同工況條件進(jìn)行集排器整體排種性能測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明,,集排器各行排種合格指數(shù)均大于86.30%,,行間合格指數(shù)一致性變異系數(shù)小于1.80%,各行合格指數(shù)穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)均小于6.20%,,排種器工作性能穩(wěn)定,,滿足西洋參精密播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Existing agronomy of American ginseng cultivated in China, which uses narrow row spacing and precision seeding, has persistent challenges that employ a seeder to improve efficiency and guarantee precision, highlighting a need for narrow row spacing precision sowing technology and equipment. The object was to explore an innovated prototype of multi narrow rows parallel tubeneedle centralized seeding device to address the challenge, which combined positive and negative air pressure to suck and discharge the seed respectively. The working principle of the prototype device was introduced and main structural parameters were confirmed. The uniformity of airflow field distribution between rows of the prototype device was estimated by employing the simulation analysis. The mechanical model for seed sucking and discharging during the seeding process was constructed. Finally, the seeding performance of the prototype device was tested by bench test and the influence law of the seeding performance was investigated. The result of airflow field simulation analysis showed that the coefficient of variation on the airflow average velocity value of each seeding needle at the end adsorption surface was 2.923%, which proved that the airflow field of the centralized seeding device designed was evenly distributed. The bench test results showed that the seeding qualified index of the prototype device reached more than 90%. Combined with the quadratic regression rotation orthogonal combination test and response surface analysis, it was showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting seeding qualified index and missing index were rotating speed of the seed meter shaft, the negative pressure and the positive pressure successively. The optimal working parameters combination was optimized as the row axis speed of 13.10~17.70r/min, the negative pressure of 4.25~4.50kPa, and the positive pressure of 2.90kPa. Within the optimal condition range, the qualified index of a single row was greater than 88.50%, the missing index was less than 5.00% and the multiple index was less than 7.50%. The difference working conditions in the optimal condition range were selected to estimate the overall performance of the prototype device. The result showed that each row qualified index of centralized seeding device was greater than 8630%, the consistency coefficient of variation for each row was less than 1.80% and the stability coefficient of variation for each row was less than 6.20%, which confirmed that the seed metering device worked stably and achieved the precision seed metering requirements for American ginseng sowing. The research result provided the core device for further developing American ginseng seeder adapted to the precision planting agronomic requirements.

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廖宜濤,鄭娟,廖慶喜,丁幼春,高麗萍.正負(fù)氣壓組合管針式西洋參集排器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(3):46-57. LIAO Yitao, ZHENG Juan, LIAO Qingxi, DING Youchun, GAO Liping. Design and Experiment of Positive and Negative Pressure Combined Tube-Needle Centralized Seeding Device for American Ginseng[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(3):46-57.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10
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