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基于激光測距的三坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動割膠裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701501)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31601217)


Design and Test of Three-coordinate Linkage Natural Rubber Tapping Device Based on Laser Ranging
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)橡膠樹自動化割膠,,針對目前人工割膠勞動強(qiáng)度大,、技術(shù)要求高、作業(yè)效率低等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了基于激光測距的三坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動割膠裝置,。自動化割膠裝置由三坐標(biāo)平臺,、振動割刀及激光測距傳感器組成,,其工作方式以人工割線及已割面作為參考,,通過激光測距實(shí)現(xiàn)非接觸式橡膠樹干已割面仿形,從而保證割膠深度與人工割膠一致,。通過控制三坐標(biāo)平臺聯(lián)動,,實(shí)現(xiàn)割刀按激光測定的空間曲線路徑運(yùn)動,割刀作直線往復(fù)動作切割樹皮,;通過矩形運(yùn)動路徑,實(shí)現(xiàn)參考割線起始點(diǎn)位置及傾斜度檢測,,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了沿割線傾斜方向?qū)σ迅顓^(qū)域進(jìn)行激光測距的運(yùn)動路徑,,實(shí)現(xiàn)已割面深度信息的離散采集,整合參考割線位置信息和已割面深度信息,,規(guī)劃出新的切割路徑,;進(jìn)行了深度信息激光測量點(diǎn)數(shù)優(yōu)化,當(dāng)目標(biāo)路徑沿割膠運(yùn)動坐標(biāo)系中X方向長度為80mm時,,進(jìn)刀深度信息測量點(diǎn)數(shù)為17比較合理,。采用單軸定位精度為±0.05mm的三坐標(biāo)平臺、測量精度為0.07mm的激光測距傳感器進(jìn)行了割膠試驗(yàn),,并通過割膠深度和耗皮量評價實(shí)際割膠效果,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,在耗皮量設(shè)定為1.0mm、連續(xù)進(jìn)行15次割膠操作的情況下,,割膠深度控制良好,,未出現(xiàn)傷樹現(xiàn)象,耗皮量控制誤差為5%,,滿足割膠要求,。

    Abstract:

    As manual rubber tapping is a laborintensive work with high technical requirement and low work efficiency, it is important to realize automatic rubber tapping. A threecoordinate linkage rubber tapping device was designed and tested, and a motion path planning method based on short tapping cut was proposed. The tapping device was composed of three main modules, which were threecoordinate platform (positioning accuracy of single axis was ±0.05mm), a vibrating cutter and a laser ranging sensor (measurement accuracy was 0.07mm). In order to control cutting depth, laser ranging was used to measure the distance between the knifepoint of vibrating cutter and the reference surface curved by skilled tapper. Based on the measurement, a spatial path was planned for threecoordinate platform simultaneously. During rubber tapping, vibrating knife cut off the bark of rubber tree continuously through the path by controlling threecoordinate platform. Therefore, the motion path planning method of the tapping device could be summarized as: detecting the start point and inclination of short tapping cut through a rectangle motion path; measuring the cutting depth through a discrete motion path; planning cutting path fused the information of tapping cut and cutting depth. Furthermore, the number of control points to approximate the short tapping cut was optimized. In the Xdirection of the tapping motion coordinate system, the length of short tapping cut was intercepted as 80mm, and the reasonable number of control points was calculated as 17. Moreover, the tapping device was tested on real rubber tree trunk, and the working performance was evaluated by measuring cutting depth and bark consumption. Test results showed that the cutting depth was well controlled with no damage on rubber tree and the error of bark consumption was about 5%, which could meet the requirements of natural rubber tapping requirement.

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張春龍,李德程,張順路,稅勇,譚豫之,李偉.基于激光測距的三坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動割膠裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(3):121-127. ZHANG Chunlong, LI Decheng, ZHANG Shunlu, SHUI Yong, TAN Yuzhi, LI Wei. Design and Test of Three-coordinate Linkage Natural Rubber Tapping Device Based on Laser Ranging[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(3):121-127.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10
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