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植物功能性狀及其葉經(jīng)濟譜對硬化地表的響應
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林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項(20140430102)


Response of Plant Functional Traits and Its Leaf Economics Spectrum to Urban Pavement
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    摘要:

    為探究植物葉功能性狀及其葉經(jīng)濟譜對城市硬化地表的響應,,以北京市典型綠化樹種白蠟(Fraxinus chinensis),、國槐(Sophora japonica)和欒樹(Koelreuteria paniculata)為研究對象,選擇城市環(huán)境中典型的3種地表類型:自然地表(CK),、透水硬化地表(T1)和不透水硬化地表(T2),,測定其地表溫度,、土壤含水率及植物葉功能性狀等指標。結果表明,,硬化地表極顯著地升高了城市地表溫度(P<0.01),,且由大到小表現(xiàn)為T1、T2、CK,,而極顯著地降低了土壤含水率(P<0.01),,由大到小表現(xiàn)為CK、T2,、T1,;城市生態(tài)環(huán)境中,硬化地表對國槐和欒樹的影響主要源于高溫脅迫,,而對白蠟的影響主要源于T2的干旱脅迫,;3個樹種葉功能性狀間表現(xiàn)出相對一致的生態(tài)對策,以適應城市環(huán)境的變化,,葉綠素含量與比葉面積呈顯著正相關(P<0.05),,且分別與葉干物質(zhì)含量、葉組織密度呈極顯著負相關(P<0.01),,葉干物質(zhì)含量與葉組織密度呈極顯著正相關(P<0.01),。全球葉經(jīng)濟譜也存在于城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,且總體上向快速投資收益型一端偏移,,城市生態(tài)環(huán)境中植物通過減小氣孔密度和比葉面積,、縮小氣孔面積、增加葉干物質(zhì)含量和葉組織密度等策略,,來適應城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的高溫,、干旱等特殊生境。因此,,在城市綠化植物的選擇及配置上,,建議根據(jù)其生態(tài)權衡規(guī)律,選擇耐高溫,、耐旱的樹種,,同時通過增加降溫、灌溉,,減少生長季修枝等措施來降低不利影響,。

    Abstract:

    To understand the adaptation mechanism of plants to the urban ecological environment from the perspective of functional ecology, three common tree species (Fraxinus chinensis, Sophora japonica and Koelreuteria paniculata) planted in three different treatment plots: pervious brick pavement with a permeability coefficient of more than 0.4mm/s, impervious brick pavement with a permeability coefficient near zero, and nonpavement were selected to understand the effects of pavement on leaf functional characteristics and leaf economics spectrum. The result showed that surface temperature was significantly higher in the pavement treatments than that in the control treatment (P<0.01), with a higher surface temperature noted for the pervious pavement than that for the nonpavement. Soil moisture content was significantly lower in the impervious pavement treatment than that in the pervious pavement and control treatments (P<0.01). Pavement caused heat stress on Sophora japonica and Koelreuteria paniculate, and the impervious pavement caused drought stress on Fraxinus chinensis growth. Leaf functional traits showed relatively consistent ecological countermeasures to adapt to urban environmental changes. Pearson analyses indicated that leaf chlorophyll showed significant positive correlation with specific leaf area (P<0.05), and highly significant negative correlation with leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density, respectively (P<0.01). Leaf dry matter content showed highly significant negative correlation leaf tissue density (P<0.01). The results indicated that a spectrum of leaf economics also existed in urban pavement environment, and that of the represent species was generally more biased toward the fast investmentreturn on the leaf economics spectrum. In urban pavement environment, plants would increase leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density, and reduce stomatal area, stomatal density, and specific leaf area to adapt to special habitats at high temperature and drought stress. Thus, it was necessary to select heat and drought tolerant tree species, manage land with shadowing or irrigation, and reduce trimming branches, in order to guarantee tree growth in paved urban environments.

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朱濟友,于強,徐程揚,姚姜銘,王戈,崔哲浩.植物功能性狀及其葉經(jīng)濟譜對硬化地表的響應[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(3):204-211. ZHU Jiyou, YU Qiang, XU Chengyang, YAO Jiangming, WANG Ge, CUI Zhehao. Response of Plant Functional Traits and Its Leaf Economics Spectrum to Urban Pavement[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(3):204-211.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10
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