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To describe the integrity, stability and health of forest ecosystem more objectively and meticulously, and provide scientific basis and decision support for the protection of forest resources at the source and the rational management and management of forest resources, based on the forest resources inventory data, DEM data and social and economic data in Yi County, Hebei Province, the forest landscape types, quantity and distribution of township scale were analyzed by using landscape index, structural equation model and statistical method. The characteristics of forest landscape pattern and its influence mechanism were studied under the dominance of natural geography, social economy and land exploitation and utilization. The following results were obtained: the forest landscape resources of the western mountainous areas were obvious, while the eastern plain villages and towns were smaller. The forest resources were mainly distributed in 100~300m hilly areas and in the middle mountains of 500~800m. At the landscape and type level, the forest resources of the villages and towns in the eastern plain were relatively small. Patches density (PD) and cohesion (COHESION) were more responsive to geographical environment dominance and human activity interference. There was a close relationship between low fragmentation, high connectivity, diverse forest landscape and high elevation, high undulating terrain conditions. The larger the area ratio of proportion of cultivated land area and proportion of resident construction land area (PCLA, PRCLA) was, the lower the degree of fragmentation and connectivity of forest landscape was. Mean slope (MS), soil depth (SD) and elevation difference (ED) as the basic control factors directly influenced the cultivated land and the inhabitant construction land proportion and so on, and it had an indirect action on the forest landscape pattern. Under certain topographic and soil conditions, reducing average population size (APS), the proportion of PCLA and PRCLA can reduce the fragmentation of forest landscape pattern and enhance the connectivity of forest landscape.