Abstract:Based on a 9year field experiment, the effects of tillage systems on waterstable aggregate content, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, wheat yield and soil water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated under the two planting methods (wheat continuous cropping and wheat/maize rotation ) in dark loess of Weibei Highland. The results showed that the content of water stable macroaggregate with diameter lager than 0.25mm (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), SOC content, the aggregateassociated organic carbon of all size classes and water use efficiency (WUE) under wheat/maize rotation were mostly higher than those under the wheat continuous cropping in 0~20cm soil layer. Compared with the conventional tillage, the measures of notillage (NN), subsoiling (SS) and notillagesubsoiling (NS) mainly increased soil R0.25, SOC, the aggregateassociated organic carbon of all size classes and the contribution of soil organic carbon in water stable macroaggregate with a diameter lager than 0.25mm to total soil organic carbon (I(xiàn)SOC0.25) in 0~10cm soil layer. In the soil layer below 10cm, the SOC content of NS treatment was increased, and the measures of NS also increased soil R0.25, the aggregateassociated organic carbon of all size classes and I(xiàn)SOC0.25 in soil layer of 35~50cm. Compared with the conventional tillage, the measures of NS increased wheat yield and WUE significantly, by 14.25% and 19.30% for wheat yield, by 24.98% and 9.89% for WUE in wheat continuous cropping and wheat/maize rotation, respectively. Generally, compared with the wheat continuous cropping, wheat/maize rotation was more beneficial to improving soil structure, increasing SOC content and WUE; and the tillage of NS was the most suitable measure for the local soil conditions.