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種植方式和耕作措施對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)與水分利用效率的影響
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201503116)


Effects of Planting Methods and Tillage Systems on Soil Structure and Water Use Efficiency
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    摘要:

    在連續(xù)9年田間定位試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,分析了渭北旱塬小麥連作和小麥/玉米輪作兩種種植方式下耕作措施對黑壚土水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體含量、有機(jī)碳(SOC)含量,、小麥產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影響,。結(jié)果表明:小麥/玉米輪作下0~20cm土層大于0.25mm水穩(wěn)性大團(tuán)聚體含量(R0.25)、水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體平均重量直徑(MWD)、SOC含量、各粒級團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量和WUE大多高于小麥連作。與連年翻耕(CC)相比,,連年免耕(NN)、連年深松(SS),、免耕-深松(NS)處理主要增加了0~10cm土層R0.25,、SOC、各粒級團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量和大于0.25mm大團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳貢獻(xiàn)率(I(xiàn)SOC0.25),。在大于10cm土層,,NS處理的SOC含量有所增加,且提高了35~50cm土壤R0.25,、各粒級團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量以及I(xiàn)SOC0.25,。相對于連年翻耕處理,免耕-深松處理的小麥產(chǎn)量和WUE均顯著增加,,且在小麥連作和小麥/玉米輪作兩種種植方式下,,小麥產(chǎn)量分別增加了14.25%、19.30%,;WUE分別增加了24.98%,、9.89%。整體來看,,小麥/玉米輪作比小麥連作更有利于改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),、增加土壤有機(jī)碳含量和提高WUE,,且免耕-深松相結(jié)合的輪耕措施是該地區(qū)較適宜的耕作模式。

    Abstract:

    Based on a 9year field experiment, the effects of tillage systems on waterstable aggregate content, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, wheat yield and soil water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated under the two planting methods (wheat continuous cropping and wheat/maize rotation ) in dark loess of Weibei Highland. The results showed that the content of water stable macroaggregate with diameter lager than 0.25mm (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), SOC content, the aggregateassociated organic carbon of all size classes and water use efficiency (WUE) under wheat/maize rotation were mostly higher than those under the wheat continuous cropping in 0~20cm soil layer. Compared with the conventional tillage, the measures of notillage (NN), subsoiling (SS) and notillagesubsoiling (NS) mainly increased soil R0.25, SOC, the aggregateassociated organic carbon of all size classes and the contribution of soil organic carbon in water stable macroaggregate with a diameter lager than 0.25mm to total soil organic carbon (I(xiàn)SOC0.25) in 0~10cm soil layer. In the soil layer below 10cm, the SOC content of NS treatment was increased, and the measures of NS also increased soil R0.25, the aggregateassociated organic carbon of all size classes and I(xiàn)SOC0.25 in soil layer of 35~50cm. Compared with the conventional tillage, the measures of NS increased wheat yield and WUE significantly, by 14.25% and 19.30% for wheat yield, by 24.98% and 9.89% for WUE in wheat continuous cropping and wheat/maize rotation, respectively. Generally, compared with the wheat continuous cropping, wheat/maize rotation was more beneficial to improving soil structure, increasing SOC content and WUE; and the tillage of NS was the most suitable measure for the local soil conditions.

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張霞,張育林,劉丹,杜昊輝,李軍,王旭東.種植方式和耕作措施對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)與水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(3):250-261. ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Yulin, LIU Dan, DU Haohui, LI Jun, WANG Xudong. Effects of Planting Methods and Tillage Systems on Soil Structure and Water Use Efficiency[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(3):250-261.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10
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