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密植矮化茶園地面低容量仿形噴霧液滴沉積性能研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0600202)


Droplet Deposition Performance of Low-capacity Profiling Spray in Densely Planted Dwarf Tea Plantation
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    摘要:

    為探究地面低容量仿形噴霧技術(shù)在茶園植保作業(yè)中的適應(yīng)性,,以自主設(shè)計(jì)的茶園低容量仿形噴霧軌道式測(cè)試系統(tǒng)為噴霧載體,,通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn)方法對(duì)茶園地面低容量噴霧的霧滴沉積性能進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。闡述分析了噴霧測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及控制電路,,依據(jù)解析法確定了噴頭安裝參數(shù),;以霧滴沉積密度、沉積均勻性為主要噴霧指標(biāo),,探究了噴霧高度,、噴施方向,、風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速、噴頭類型和冠層梯度對(duì)茶樹(shù)低容量噴霧時(shí)液滴沉積的影響,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:茶樹(shù)冠層梯度對(duì)霧滴沉積密度有顯著性影響,,其霧滴數(shù)量在冠層上、中,、下部依次減少,,冠層上部霧滴個(gè)數(shù)明顯多于中、下部,,中,、下部霧滴數(shù)量沒(méi)有顯著性差異;噴霧高度與霧滴沉積數(shù)量呈負(fù)相關(guān),,且噴霧高度30cm時(shí)的霧滴個(gè)數(shù)明顯多于50cm時(shí)的霧滴數(shù)量,,而40cm高度與30、50cm時(shí)的霧滴數(shù)量無(wú)顯著性差異,。噴施方向,、冠層梯度對(duì)霧滴分布均勻性有顯著性影響,噴施方向45°時(shí),,其變異系數(shù)均值為0610,,顯著大于0°、15°,、30°時(shí)的變異系數(shù),,霧滴分布均勻性最差,而0°,、15°,、30°時(shí)變異系數(shù)無(wú)顯著性差異;不同冠層梯度上的霧滴分布均勻性差異顯著,,其中冠層上部霧滴分布最均勻,,而冠層中部霧滴分布均勻性最差。與常規(guī)噴霧相比,,低容量噴霧的霧滴沉積量整體偏?。还趯犹荻葘?duì)霧滴沉積量有顯著性影響,,其中冠層上部沉積量均值為0.608μL/cm2,,顯著大于中、下部沉積量,,而中,、下部霧滴沉積量差異不顯著;噴施方向0°時(shí),其霧滴沉積量均值最大,,顯著大于沉積量最小的45°方向,。茶樹(shù)低容量噴霧時(shí),霧滴平均沉積密度均大于26個(gè)/cm2,,冠層頂部變異系數(shù)均不大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的0.5,,滿足國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中農(nóng)藥噴霧機(jī)噴灑質(zhì)量要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the adaptability of ground lowcapacity profiling spray technology in tea plantation operation, a tea garden lowcapacity contour spray orbit test system was designed, which was used as a spray carrier. The experimental study on the droplet deposition performance of lowvolume spray on tea garden ground was carried out by orthogonal test method. The structure and control circuit of the spray test system were analyzed. The nozzle installation parameters were determined according to the analytical method. The droplet deposition density and deposition uniformity were taken as the main spray indicators, and the effects of spray height, spray direction, fan speed, nozzle type and canopy gradient on droplet deposition during lowvolume spray of tea tree were investigated. The field experiment results showed that the tea tree canopy gradient had a significant effect on the droplet deposition density, and the number of droplets was decreased from the upper, middle and lower layers of the canopy. The number of droplets in the upper part of the canopy was significantly higher than that in the middle and lower parts, while there was no significant difference in the number of droplets in the middle and lower parts. The spray height was negatively correlated with the number of droplets deposited, and the number of droplets at 30cm was significantly greater than that at 50cm, while there was no significant difference in the number of droplets at 40cm and 30cm and 50cm. The spray direction and the canopy gradient had a significant effect on the uniformity of droplet distribution. When the spraying direction was 45°, the coefficient of variation was 0610, which was significantly greater than the coefficient of variation of 0°, 15°, and 30°, and the uniformity of droplet distribution was the worst. The variation coefficients of 0°, 15° and 30° were not significant. The uniformity of droplet distribution on different canopy gradients was significant. The distribution of droplets in the upper part of the canopy was the most uniform, and the distribution of droplets in the middle of the canopy was the worst. The amount of droplet deposition of the low volume spray was generally small compared with that of conventional sprays. The canopy gradient had a significant effect on the amount of droplet deposition. The average sedimentation volume in the upper canopy was 0.608μL/cm2, which was significantly larger than that in the middle and lower parts, while the difference in droplet deposition between the middle and lower parts was not significant. When the spraying direction was 0°, the mean value of the droplet deposition was the largest, which was significantly larger than that of the 45° direction with the smallest deposition amount. When the tea tree was sprayed at low volume, the average deposition density of each layer of droplets was greater than 26 droplets/cm2, and the coefficient of variation at the top of the canopy was not more than 0.5, which met the requirements of the spraying quality of pesticide sprayers in national standards. The research result provided new methods and new ideas for the reduction of pesticide application in tea tree pest control.

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劉冬梅,楊杭旭,周宏平,茹煜,鄭加強(qiáng),南玉龍.密植矮化茶園地面低容量仿形噴霧液滴沉積性能研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(10):96-105. LIU Dongmei, YANG Hangxu, ZHOU Hongping, RU Yu, ZHENG Jiaqiang, NAN Yulong. Droplet Deposition Performance of Low-capacity Profiling Spray in Densely Planted Dwarf Tea Plantation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(10):96-105.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-10
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