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大田移動(dòng)式精量配肥灌溉施肥一體機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目,、山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017CXGC0206)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51675317)和山東省“雙一流”獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金項(xiàng)目(SYL2017XTTD14)


Design and Experiment of Mobile Irrigation and Fertilization Integrated Machine of Precision Fertilizer in Field
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    摘要:

    為提高大田施肥精度和水肥利用效率,,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)灌溉施肥技術(shù)在大田中的應(yīng)用,,設(shè)計(jì)了大田移動(dòng)式精量配肥灌溉施肥一體機(jī)并進(jìn)行樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)。首先,,對(duì)一體機(jī)的移動(dòng)式行走架、精量配肥裝置和首部樞紐裝置進(jìn)行機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),。其次,,基于作物不同生長(zhǎng)期所需水肥量,結(jié)合實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)定土壤墑情信息,,設(shè)計(jì)3段式全自動(dòng)灌溉施肥時(shí)間分配模型和母液濃度動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算方法,;建立母液濃度動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)控?cái)?shù)學(xué)模型,針對(duì)不同類型顆粒肥溶解時(shí)間差異問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)一種含Smith預(yù)估器的PID切換控制方法快速穩(wěn)定母液濃度,,并通過(guò)Simulink對(duì)控制方法進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證;在此基礎(chǔ)上,,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)一體機(jī)的中央控制系統(tǒng),,集成灌溉施肥時(shí)間分配模型和母液濃度動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)控方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)全自動(dòng)灌溉施肥功能和母液濃度精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控,;最后,,在大田環(huán)境中對(duì)試制樣機(jī)開展灌溉施肥試驗(yàn),測(cè)定注肥口電導(dǎo)率(EC)響應(yīng)曲線并進(jìn)行分析,,結(jié)果表明:EC響應(yīng)曲線呈3段式變化,,表明一體機(jī)能夠按設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)間分配模型對(duì)大田作物進(jìn)行全自動(dòng)作業(yè);施肥階段EC值平穩(wěn),,誤差波動(dòng)幅度小,,過(guò)渡時(shí)間短、坡度陡,、超調(diào)量小,,表明針對(duì)不同類型的顆粒肥,提出的切換控制方法可以快速穩(wěn)定母液濃度,。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve precision of fertilization and efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization in the field, which can further promote flexible application of irrigation and fertilization technology in the field, the mobile irrigation and fertilization machine of precision fertilizer in the field was designed. Firstly, the mechanical design of mobile walking frame, precision fertilizer dispensing device and the first pivot device of integrated machine was carried out. Secondly, taking wheat as an example, based on the amount of water and fertilizer needed by crops in different growing periods, combined with the realtime measurement of soil moisture information, a threestage automatic fertilization time distribution model and a dynamic calculation method of mother liquor concentration were designed. A mathematical model for dynamic control of mother liquor concentration was established. A PID switching control method with Smith predictor was designed to rapidly stabilize the concentration of mother liquor, and the control method was simulated by Simulink to verify the difference of dissolution time of different types of granular fertilizer. On this basis, the central control system of integrated machine was designed, which integrated the time distribution model of irrigation fertilization and the dynamic control method of mother liquor concentration to realize automatic irrigation fertilization function and accurate control of mother liquor concentration. Finally, the experiment of irrigation and fertilization was carried out in the field environment. The response curve of EC of the injector was measured and analyzed. The results showed that the response curve of EC was changed in three segments, which indicated that integrated machine can carry out automatic operation of field crops according to the designed time distribution model. Because of small error fluctuation, short transition time, steep slope and small overshoot, the EC value of fertilization stage was stable, which indicated that the proposed switching control method can quickly stabilize the concentration of mother liquor for different types of granular fertilizer. The research of this machine was of great significance to the field integration and automatic precision irrigation and fertilization.

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劉林,李揚(yáng),楊坤,苑進(jìn),郝明.大田移動(dòng)式精量配肥灌溉施肥一體機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(10):124-133. IU Lin, LI Yang, YANG Kun, YUAN Jin, HAO Ming. Design and Experiment of Mobile Irrigation and Fertilization Integrated Machine of Precision Fertilizer in Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(10):124-133.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-10
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