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深松處理對豫北農(nóng)田土壤水分與作物耗水的影響
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503117)和中央科研院所基本科研業(yè)務費專項資金項目(FIRI2018-05,、FIRI2017-09)


Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Moisture and Crop Water Consumption in Farmland of Northern Henan Province
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    摘要:

    為探索豫北潮土區(qū)冬小麥-夏玉米周年復種連作合理的深松技術(shù)指標,,于2017—2018年在河南省獲嘉縣冬小麥播種前進行深松田間試驗,。采用2種深松機具(T,,傳統(tǒng)深松機,;A,,深松+施肥一體機),,在傳統(tǒng)深松機(T)上設置3個深松深度(D1,,30cm,;D2,,35cm;D3,,40cm)和深松+施肥一體機(A)上設置1個深松深度(D2,,35cm),同時以常規(guī)旋耕(CK,,平均耕作深度為15cm)為對照,,通過測定土壤容重、作物生育期內(nèi)不同時間段的土壤含水率以及作物收獲后的產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)量性狀,,分析各深松處理對作物產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響,。結(jié)果表明,深松方式能夠改變土壤容重,,顯著降低豫北農(nóng)田10~30cm土層的土壤容重,。不同深松處理可以顯著影響土壤含水率,增加田間蓄水能力,,周年0~100cm土層貯水量兩季作物不同處理由大到小依次為TD2,、TD1、TD3、AD2,、CK,,且各處理較旋耕對照依次分別顯著增加34.9%、28.9%,、28.5%,、27.0%(p<0.05),。深松處理還可以顯著增加作物的穗數(shù)和穗粒數(shù),,提高作物產(chǎn)量,各處理兩季產(chǎn)量較旋耕對照平均增加8.3%,,且冬小麥的增產(chǎn)效應大于夏玉米,。同時,深松還能較大幅度地提高冬小麥-夏玉米復種體系作物的水分利用效率,,深松處理兩季較旋耕對照平均提高12.4%,,并顯著降低了作物的耗水量和耗水強度,其中以傳統(tǒng)深松機深松40cm處理的效果最優(yōu),。因此,,在冬小麥播種前深松,有利于土壤耕層合理構(gòu)建,,并提高作物產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,,對以旱作冬小麥-夏玉米復種體系為主的豫北地區(qū)有很高的推廣價值。

    Abstract:

    The object was to explore the reasonable technical index of subsoiling for the annual double cropping of winter wheatsummer maize in meadow soil of northern Henan Province. In 2017—2018,,based on the data of field experiment,,the subsoiling was conducted before sowing winter wheat in Huojia County of Henan Province. The experimental design used two kinds of subsoiling machine(T,traditional subsoiling machine,;A,,subsoiling + fertilization integrated machine)and three depths (D1,30cm,;D2,,35cm and D3,40cm)were set on the traditional subsoiling machine and a deep depth(D2,,35cm)on subsoiling + fertilizer integrated machine,,meanwhile,the conventional rotary tillage(CK,,average tillage depth of 15cm)was used as a control. The variations of crop yield and water use efficiency of each subsoiling treatment were analyzed by measuring soil bulk density,,soil water content and crop yield and yield traits. The result showed that the subsoiling method could change the soil bulk density,and the soil bulk density in 10~30cm soil layer was significantly reduced(p<0.05). Subsoiling treatments also had a significant impact on soil water content,,which could increase the water storage capacity in field(p<0.05). During the annual twoseason crops,,the water storage capacity of soil in 0~100cm soil layer in descending order was TD2, TD1, TD3, AD2 and CK. Compared with the water storage capacity of rotary tillage,that of the subsoiling treatments was increased significantly by 34.9%,28.9%,,28.5% and 27.0%(p<0.05),,respectively. Subsoiling treatments also could significantly increase the number of spikes and kernels of crops,and increase the yield of crops(p<0.05). The yield of subsoiling treatments were averagely increased by 8.3% in twoseason crops compared with the rotary tillage,,and the effect of increasing yield of winter wheat was greater than that of summer maize. At the same time,,subsoiling could also greatly improve the water use efficiency(WUE)of the crops in the winter wheatsummer maize multiple cropping system,and significantly reduce water consumption and water consumption intensity of crops(p<0.05). The WUE of subsoiling treatments was averagely increased by 12.4% compared with that of the rotary tillage,,among which AD2 had the best effect. Therefore,,subsoiling before the sowing of winter wheat was conducive to the rational construction of soil tillage layer, which improved crop yield and water use efficiency. It had a high promotion value for the dry farming wheatmaize multiple cropping system of northern Henan Province. 

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張凱,劉戰(zhàn)東,強小嫚,米兆榮,馮榮成,孫景生.深松處理對豫北農(nóng)田土壤水分與作物耗水的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(10):251-258. ZHANG Kai, LIU Zhandong, QIANG Xiaoman, MI Zhaorong, FENG Rongcheng, SUN Jingsheng. Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Moisture and Crop Water Consumption in Farmland of Northern Henan Province[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(10):251-258.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-06-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-10
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