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施用沼液對設(shè)施番茄生長與土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51509122)、甘肅省高等學(xué)校科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化項目(2018D-04),、甘肅省自然科學(xué)基金項目(18JR3RA154)、楊凌示范區(qū)產(chǎn)學(xué)研用協(xié)同創(chuàng)新重大計劃項目(2018CXY-14)和蘭州理工大學(xué)紅柳一流學(xué)科建設(shè)項目


Effects of Digestate on Tomato Growth and Soil Ecological Environment in Greenhouse
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    摘要:

    為探求番茄全生育期施用沼液對其生長及土壤環(huán)境的影響,系統(tǒng)研究了沼液配比及灌溉量對番茄農(nóng)藝性狀、品質(zhì),、產(chǎn)量、土壤理化環(huán)境和土壤生物學(xué)特性的影響,。結(jié)果表明:T3處理(沼液配比1〖DK〗∶4,,作物-皿系數(shù)(Kc)為10)番茄的株高、莖粗和單株葉面積均為各處理最大,,分別比純水處理(C0)高24.11%,、15.59%和33.92%。與C0處理相比,,灌施沼液可以增加番茄產(chǎn)量,、改善番茄品質(zhì)和口味,T2處理(沼液配比1〖DK〗∶4,,Kc為0.8)能夠獲得最高產(chǎn)量,、最高的維生素C及可溶性總糖含量。灌施沼液可以降低土壤容重和土壤pH值,,增大土壤總孔隙度及土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率,,灌施沼液各處理土壤有機質(zhì)含量隨土層深度呈先增加后降低的趨勢。灌施沼液還可以增加各生育期內(nèi)細菌,、真菌,、放線菌數(shù)量,其中土壤細菌,、真菌數(shù)量均表現(xiàn)出自苗期到果實膨大期呈增加趨勢,,閾值出現(xiàn)在果實膨大期,,而后逐漸降低,,放線菌數(shù)量自苗期到果實成熟期呈逐漸增加的趨勢,,閾值出現(xiàn)在果實成熟期。施用沼液各處理土壤中過氧化氫酶,、蔗糖酶,、脲酶的活性在番茄生育期內(nèi)分別表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)增大、先增加后降低和先降低后上升的變化規(guī)律,,閾值分別出現(xiàn)在果實成熟期和果實膨大期,、開花結(jié)果期。綜合分析試驗結(jié)果,,T2處理更有利于番茄的生長,、產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的形成以及土壤環(huán)境的改善。

    Abstract:

    To explore the effects of digestate application on tomato growth and soil environment during the whole growing period of crop, the influences of digestate application ratio and irrigation amounts on tomato agronomic characteristics, quality, yield, soil physical, chemical environment and biological characteristics were systematically studied. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of T3 treatment (digestate ratio was 1∶4, and croppan coefficient (Kc) was 10) were the greatest, which were 24.11%, 15.59% and 33.92% higher than those of treatment C0 irrigated with water only, respectively. The application of digestate can increase the yield, quality and taste of tomato, in which the treatment of T2 (digestate ratio was 1∶4, and Kc was 0.8) obtained the highest vitamin C and total soluble sugar content. Meanwhile, digestate application can decrease the soil bulk density and pH value, and subsequently increase the soil total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The content of soil organic matter was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of soil depth in treatments applied with digestate. Furthermore, the application of digestate can also increase the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in each growth period of tomato, in which the quantity of soil bacteria and fungi presented an increase trend from seedling stage to fruit swelling stage, where they reached the peak value and then decreased, while the peak value of actinomycetes quantities appeared at fruit ripening stage. The activities of catalase, invertase and urease in the soil of tomato root zone presented the trend of increase continuously, first increase and then decrease, and first decrease and then increase during the whole growth period, and the peak value of them appeared at fruit ripening stage, fruit enlargement stage, flowering and fruiting stage, respectively. T2 treatment was more conducive to tomato growth when the agronomic traits, quality and yield, and soil biological characteristics of tomato were comprehensively analyzed.

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鄭健,殷李高,朱傳遠,馬靜,張平安.施用沼液對設(shè)施番茄生長與土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(10):278-288. ZHENG Jian, YIN Ligao, ZHU Chuanyuan, MA Jing, ZHANG Ping`an. Effects of Digestate on Tomato Growth and Soil Ecological Environment in Greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(10):278-288.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-10
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