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基于CAN總線的播種深度監(jiān)測評價(jià)系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700502)


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    摘要:

    針對已有播種深度檢測技術(shù)測量精度有待提高,、缺乏有效實(shí)時(shí)播種深度評價(jià)系統(tǒng)且通信方式不易擴(kuò)展等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于CAN總線的播種深度監(jiān)測評價(jià)系統(tǒng),。系統(tǒng)主要由車載平板計(jì)算機(jī),、數(shù)據(jù)采集評價(jià)單元(ECU)和播深測量裝置等組成,闡述了播種深度測量原理,,設(shè)計(jì)了基于限深輪擺動角度的播深測量裝置并建立相應(yīng)測量模型,,基于ISO 11783標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制訂了智能化總線通信協(xié)議,開發(fā)了基于LabVIEW的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測評價(jià)上位機(jī)界面,。為研究播種深度變化特性,,以耕作方式和作業(yè)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,開展了二因素裂區(qū)試驗(yàn),。對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了頻譜分析,,結(jié)果表明,播種深度變化主頻幅值隨車速增加呈減小趨勢,,且免耕地變化大于旋耕地,,而振蕩頻率受耕作方式和車速變化影響較小,主要集中在0.4Hz以下,。田間監(jiān)測評價(jià)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,所得播種深度監(jiān)測圖可在一定程度上表征地塊土壤信息,相比人工測量方式,,系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測的穩(wěn)定一致性較好,,在6~10km/h車速下,其對平均播深,、合格率,、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〖JP2〗差和變異系數(shù)最大值分別為50.01mm、78.95%,、8.95mm和17.90%,,相對誤差分別處于4.20%~9.74%、6.11%~17.92%,、10.93%~16.32%和18.83%~19.79%之間,,滿足實(shí)際播種深度監(jiān)測評價(jià)需求,。

    Abstract:

    Sowing depth is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of sowing, which is directly related to the seed germination and plant emergence. In order to achieve the optimum yield of agricultural crops, it is necessary to monitor the sowing depth in real time. Because of the inappropriate response of the machine dynamics to harsh soil conditions, such as the compacted soil undulations and the presence of the stubble, the existing measurement methods of sowing depth cannot meet the requirement of measuring accuracy, and the lack of an effective realtime sowing depth evaluation system affects the improvement of realtime operation quality. Moreover, the development of intelligent seeder puts forward higher demand for existing communication mode. To solve these problems, a sowing depth monitoring and evaluation system based on CANbus was proposed. The system was mainly composed of a tablet personal computer for realtime monitoring, an electronic control unit (ECU) for data acquisition and a sowing depth measuring device. The sixrow seeder was taken as the research object. On the basis of expounding the working principle of sowing depth measurement, the sowing depth measuring device based on the swing angle of the gauge wheel was designed and the corresponding measuring models were established. In addition, an intelligent bus communication protocol based on ISO 11783 standard was made, and a realtime monitoring and evaluation upper computer interface based on LabVIEW was developed. In order to study the variation characteristics of sowing depth, twofactor split plot experiment was carried out with tillage mode and working speed as experimental factors. Spectrum analysis of the data showed that the main frequency amplitude of the change of sowing depth was decreased with the increase of working speed, and the variation range of sowing depth under notillage was larger than that under rotary tillage, while the oscillation frequency was less affected by the change of tillage mode and working speed, which was mainly concentrated below 0.4Hz could provide a reference for lowpass filtering of signals in subsequent sowing depth control. Further, a field test was conducted to test the system performance. The field test results of monitoring and evaluation showed that the obtained monitoring map of sowing depth could characterize the soil information of the plot, such as compactness, which was favorable for subsequent seeding decisionmaking. Compared with the manual measurement method, the stability and consistency of the system monitoring were better when the speed was 6~10km/h. Within the industry standard error range of 10mm, the maximum values of average sowing depth, qualified rate, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV)were 50.01mm, 78.95%, 8.95mm and 17.90%, respectively, the relative errors of average sowing depth, qualified rate, SD and CV were 4.20%~9.74%, 6.11%~17.92%, 10.93%~16.32% and 18.83%~19.79%, respectively, which met the needs of monitoring and evaluating of the actual sowing depth.

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高原源,王秀,楊碩,翟長遠(yuǎn),趙學(xué)觀,趙春江.基于CAN總線的播種深度監(jiān)測評價(jià)系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(12):23-32. GAO Yuanyuan, WANG Xiu, YANG Shuo, ZHAI Changyuan, ZHAO Xueguan, ZHAO Chunjiang.[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):23-32.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10
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