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不同水氮管理下玉米葉片衰老對(duì)氮轉(zhuǎn)移效率的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51809042)


Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency during Leaf Senescence in Maize
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    摘要:

    為闡明不同水氮管理模式下玉米葉片衰老過程對(duì)玉米中氮素轉(zhuǎn)移的影響,進(jìn)行了大田試驗(yàn),通過設(shè)置3個(gè)灌溉水平(150,、300、450m3/hm2)和4個(gè)施氮水平(0,、180、220,、260kg/hm2),,探究不同水氮組合下玉米葉片衰老啟動(dòng)時(shí)間、葉片衰老速率,、最大綠葉衰減速率出現(xiàn)時(shí)間及葉片衰老過程對(duì)葉片氮轉(zhuǎn)移效率和籽粒灌漿過程的影響,。結(jié)果表明:各處理葉片衰老啟動(dòng)時(shí)間均發(fā)生在吐絲后10d左右,其受灌水和施氮影響較??;在灌水充足條件下,增加施氮量可以降低葉片衰老速率,,延長最大綠葉衰減速率出現(xiàn)時(shí)間,;施氮量相同時(shí),隨灌水量增加吐絲期葉片氮素積累量呈先增加,、后減小的趨勢(shì),;在一定范圍內(nèi),葉片氮轉(zhuǎn)移效率隨最大綠葉衰減速率出現(xiàn)時(shí)間的增加而提高,,最高可提升25.78個(gè)百分點(diǎn),;籽粒灌漿速率呈先慢后快、最后趨于平緩的變化規(guī)律,,且在吐絲后30~40d達(dá)到最大,,延緩葉片衰老速率有助于提高百粒質(zhì)量;當(dāng)灌水量為300m3/hm2,、施氮量為260kg/hm2時(shí),,最大綠葉衰減速率出現(xiàn)時(shí)間為吐絲后48.90d,葉片氮轉(zhuǎn)移效率最高,,百粒質(zhì)量最大,,是最佳灌水,、施氮組合。

    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different water and nitrogen managements on nitrogen remobilization efficiency during maize leaf senescence process. The experiment included three irrigation levels (150m3/hm2, 300m3/hm2 and 450m3/hm2) and four nitrogen application levels (0kg/hm2, 180kg/hm2, 220kg/hm2 and 260kg/hm2). The date of onset of leaf senescence, maximum rate of decrease in relative green leaf area, mean rate of decrease in relative green leaf area and the day of maximum rate of decrease in relative green leaf area under different water and nitrogen conditions were analyzed. The effects of nitrogen remobilization efficiency and grain filling process during leaf senescence process were also studied. The results showed that the date of onset of leaf senescence under each treatment occurred about 10 days after silking, and it was less affected by irrigation and nitrogen application. Under sufficient irrigation conditions, increasing nitrogen application could reduce maximum rate of decrease in relative green leaf area and prolong the day of maximum rate of decrease in relative green leaf area. With the same amount of nitrogen application, leaf nitrogen accumulation was increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation at silking stage. Within a certain range, leaf nitrogen remobilization efficiency was increased with the continuous increase of the day of maximum rate of decrease in relative green leaf area, and the maximum increment was 25.78 percentage points. The grain filling rate was slow first, and then fast, and eventually tended to change smoothly. The grain filling rate reached the maximum value after 30~40 days of silking. Delaying leaf senescence rate was helpful to improve 100grain quality. When the amount of irrigation was 300m3/hm2 and the nitrogen amount applied was 260kg/hm2, the day of maximum rate of decrease in relative green leaf area occurred at 48.90 days after silking and both leaf nitrogen remobilization efficiency and 100grain quality were the highest. 

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張忠學(xué),尚文彬,齊智娟,鄭恩楠,劉明.不同水氮管理下玉米葉片衰老對(duì)氮轉(zhuǎn)移效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(12):297-303,267. ZHANG Zhongxue, SHANG Wenbin, QI Zhijuan, ZHENG Ennan, LIU Ming. Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency during Leaf Senescence in Maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):297-303,267.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10
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