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稻麥輪作區(qū)氣動式小麥精準投種裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目(CARS-03)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Wheat Precision Seed Casting Device in Rice-wheat Rotation Areas
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    摘要:

    為實現(xiàn)稻麥輪作區(qū)黏濕土壤條件下的小麥精量播種,,設(shè)計了一種氣動式小麥精準投種裝置,,該裝置通過氣動加速將小麥種粒高速精準投置于清潔土壤內(nèi)。以穩(wěn)態(tài)氣體流速,、入口負壓為試驗指標,,出氣室直徑、喉嘴距和接收室直徑為影響因素,,利用Fluent分析進行氣動式小麥精準投種裝置的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)設(shè)計,。Fluent分析結(jié)果表明:該裝置的較優(yōu)組合為出氣室直徑為6mm、喉嘴距為10mm,、接收室直徑為32mm,此時穩(wěn)態(tài)氣體流速為524m/s,,入口負壓為15.966kPa,。較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下的投種性能臺架試驗結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為1.2m/s、投種高度為0.1m,、進氣室壓力為0.5MPa時,,小麥種粒可高速沖擊進入土壤,,實現(xiàn)高速精準穩(wěn)著床點播,、且無破損,平均投種速度為43.8m/s,,平均投種深度6.78mm,,投種速度、投種深度變異系數(shù)分別為8.3%,、5.8%,,投種性能穩(wěn)定。

    Abstract:

    In order to realize wheat precision seeding under clay-wet soil conditions of rice-wheat rotation area, a pneumatic wheat precision seed casting device was developed that casting wheat to clean seedbeds fast and accurately by pneumatic acceleration. The influence of key structural parameters of outlet chamber diameter, throat distance and convergent chamber diameter on velocity of steady gas flow and inlet negative pressure, as test indicators, were studied by numerical simulation and analysis of Fluent software. Analysis results by Fluent showed that the parameter combination of pneumatic wheat precision seed casting device was as follows: diameter of outlet chamber was 6mm, throat distance was 10mm and convergent chamber diameter was 32mm obtained by single factor test as well as three factors and three levels orthogonal experiment. Under this parameter conditions, the velocity of steady gas flow was 524m/s and inlet negative pressure was 15.966kPa, by simulation. Wheat seed casting performance experiment, based on better parameter combination, by test-bed indicated that wheat seed can be casted into soil at high speed to achieve accurate and stable single seed sowing without damage while working speed was 1.2m/s, casting height was 0.1m and air pressure was 0.5MPa. Moreover, the average vesting velocity was 43.8m/s, average depth was 6.78mm, and the coefficient of variation of vesting velocity and average depth was 8.3% and 5.8%, respectively, which showed the stable performance of pneumatic seed casting.

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王超,李洪文,何進,王慶杰,盧彩云,王景旭.稻麥輪作區(qū)氣動式小麥精準投種裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(5):43-53. WANG Chao, LI Hongwen, HE Jin, WANG Qingjie, LU Caiyun, WANG Jingxu. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Wheat Precision Seed Casting Device in Rice-wheat Rotation Areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):43-53.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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