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肥沙混施對鹽堿地冬小麥耗水特性與生長的影響
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503117)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51790534)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0300505-3)


Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer and Yellow River Sediment Mixture on Water Consumption and Growth of Winter Wheat in Saline-Alkali Land
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    摘要:

    為解析春限一水條件下鹽堿地改良措施對小麥耗水和產(chǎn)量調(diào)控作用,于2015—2018年連續(xù)3個冬小麥生長季,,設(shè)置耕層摻黃河泥沙(SS),、配施生物有機(jī)肥(FF)和摻黃河泥沙配施生物有機(jī)肥(SF)3個處理,以不作處理為對照(CK),,研究不同處理下農(nóng)田土壤水分變化和冬小麥干物質(zhì)積累規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:連續(xù)3年產(chǎn)量水平為3317.77~5449.52kg/hm2,各處理間以SF處理的籽粒產(chǎn)量最高,,該處理與CK相比,籽粒產(chǎn)量提高35%~51%,;總耗水量變幅為352.85~394.89mm,,不同處理間總耗水量均以CK最低,以SF處理最高(361.81~394.89mm),;農(nóng)田水分利用效率變幅為9.01~13.96kg/(hm2·mm),,以SF處理最高(12.02~13.96kg/(hm2·mm)),比CK高33%~48%,,其次為FF處理和SS處理,,分別比CK高9%~32%、9%~18%,。SS或FF處理可增加冬小麥拔節(jié)前0~200cm土層貯水量,,增大拔節(jié)至成熟階段的耗水量及其占總耗水量的比例,促進(jìn)冬小麥對土壤貯水和深層土壤水分的利用,,最終提高冬小麥的生物量和籽粒產(chǎn)量,。冬小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量與干物質(zhì)積累量、總穗粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān),;水分利用效率與冬小麥耗水量,、產(chǎn)量呈二次曲線關(guān)系。在本研究條件下,,隨著籽粒產(chǎn)量提高,,水分利用效率快速增加;而隨耗水量增加,,各處理間水分利用效率增減表現(xiàn)不同,。綜合考慮產(chǎn)量、收獲指數(shù)和水分利用效率,,確定摻黃河泥沙配施生物有機(jī)肥處理(SF)是本研究條件下的最佳處理,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to analyze the effects of saline-alkali land improvement measures on water consumption and yield control of wheat under the condition of spring water limitation, and provide theoretical basis for promoting the increase of winter wheat yield and the improvement of water use efficiency in saline-alkali wheat areas. The positioning monitoring test was adopted in the three consecutive wheat growing seasons from 2015 to 2018. Four processing was set, respectively was with biological organic fertilizer (FF), mixed with Yellow River sediment (SS) and the biological organic fertilizer and Yellow River sediment mixed (SF), and CK treatment as control. The results showed that the annual yield was 3317.77~5449.52kg/hm2 for three consecutive years, and SF treatment with Yellow River sediment and biological organic fertilizer had the highest grain yield. Compared with the control treatment, SF treatment increased the grain yield by 35%~51%. The variation amplitude of total water consumption was 352.85~394.89mm, and the total water consumption between different treatments was the lowest in CK (352.85~386.17mm). The water use efficiency of each treatment was 9.01~13.96kg/(hm2·mm).SF (12.02~13.96kg/(hm2·mm)) had the highest water use efficiency, which was higher than that of CK by 33%~48%, followed by FF (organic fertilizer) and SS (Yellow River sediment), which were respectively higher than that of control by 9%~32% and 9%~18%. Mixing Yellow River sediment (SS) or biological organic fertilizer mixing (FF) treatment can increase water storage in soil layer 0~200cm before jointing, increase water consumption from jointing to maturity stage and its proportion in total water consumption, promote the utilization of water storage in soil and deep soil water of winter wheat, and finally improve biomass and grain yield of winter wheat. The grain yield of winter wheat was positively correlated with dry matter accumulation and grain number per panicle. WUE had a conic relation with water consumption and yield of winter wheat. With the increase of grain yield, WUE was increased rapidly. Under this research conditions, with the increase of water consumption, trend of WUE was different among different treatments. Taking yield, harvest index and water use efficiency into consideration, mixing Yellow River sediment and applying biological organic fertilizer (SF) was the best treatment under the conditions of this study.

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李曉爽,黨紅凱,宋妮,申孝軍,高陽,孫景生.肥沙混施對鹽堿地冬小麥耗水特性與生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(5):272-284. LI Xiaoshuang, DANG Hongkai, SONG Ni, SHEN Xiaojun, GAO Yang, SUN Jingsheng. Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer and Yellow River Sediment Mixture on Water Consumption and Growth of Winter Wheat in Saline-Alkali Land[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):272-284.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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