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秸稈還田下水氮耦合對黑土稻田CH4排放與產量的影響
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0400108)和國家自然科學基金面上項目(51779046)


Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on CH4 Emission and Rice Yield in Black Soil Paddy Fields with Straw Returned to Field
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    摘要:

    為探明秸稈還田下水氮耦合對黑土稻田CH4排放的影響,探尋節(jié)水,、減排,、增產的水肥管理模式,在秸稈還田的基礎上,,以常規(guī)淹灌配施常量氮肥的處理為對照,,設置了常規(guī)淹灌和控制灌溉兩種灌溉方式,并設置4個氮肥梯度,,采用靜態(tài)箱-氣相色譜法觀測各處理的CH4排放通量,,分析了水氮耦合下稻田土壤氧化還原電位、各生育階段土壤銨態(tài)氮含量,、硝態(tài)氮含量和秸稈腐解率的變化,,以及各因子對稻田CH4排放的影響,同時綜合產量計算了減排效益,。結果表明:秸稈還田下常規(guī)淹灌CH4排放通量,、累積排放量顯著高于控制灌溉(P<0.05),且隨著施氮量的增加,,CH4排放通量,、累積排放量顯著增加(P<0.05);與對照相比,,常規(guī)淹灌增施氮肥使CH4累積排放量增加16.24%(P<0.05),,產量降低了2.01%,;在常規(guī)淹灌下適當減施氮肥不但對產量無顯著影響,還使得CH4累積排放量降低18.59%(P<0.05),;若采取控制灌溉減量施氮,,與對照相比,則使得CH4累積排放量降低62.71%(P<0.01),,產量提高21.16%(P<0.05),。通過相關性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),,施氮量,、灌溉方式以及二者的交互作用對CH4排放影響顯著;水氮耦合下稻田土壤銨態(tài)氮含量,、秸稈腐解率與CH4排放呈顯著正相關關系(P<0.05),,土壤氧化還原電位與CH4排放呈顯著負相關關系(P<0.05)。綜合減排效益分析,,秸稈還田下采用控制灌溉,、并適量減施氮肥可以使經濟效益最大化,達到節(jié)水,、減排,、增產的目的。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effect of water and nitrogen coupling on CH4 emission in black soil paddy fields with straw returned to field, explore the water and fertilizer management mode of saving water and reduce emissions, and achieve the goal of yield increassing, on the basis of straw returning to the field, two irrigation modes of conventional flooding irrigation and controlled irrigation were set up, and four nitrogen fertilizer gradients were set up. The CH4 emission fluxes of each treatment were observed by static box gas chromatography, the water and nitrogen were analyzed. Under the coupling, the redox potential of paddy soil, the content of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in each growth stage, the change of straw decomposition rate, and the influence of each factor on CH4 emission in paddy field were calculated. The results showed that the CH4 emission flux and cumulative emission of conventional flooding irrigation were significantly higher than that of control irrigation (P<0.05), and the CH4 emission flux and cumulative emission were increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application level (P<0.05);compared with normal irrigation, the cumulative emission of CH4 was increased by 16.24% (P<0.05) and the yield was decreased by 2.01% on average with the increase of nitrogen application. Under conventional flooding irrigation, the application of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on the yield, but also reduced the cumulative emission of CH4 by 18.59%(P<0.05);if the application of nitrogen reduction was under controlled irrigation, the cumulative emission of CH4 was decreased by 62.71%(P<0.01), and the yield was increased by 21.16%(P<0.05). Through the correlation analysis, it was found that the amount of nitrogen application, irrigation method and their interaction had a significant impact on CH4 emissions;under the coupling of water and nitrogen, the content of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soil, the decomposition rate of straw and CH4 emissions had a significant positive correlation(P<0.05),and the redox potential of soil had a significant negative correlation with CH4 emissions(P<0.05). In consideration of comprehensive emission reduction benefits, the economic benefits can be maximized by using controlled irrigation and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer reduction under straw returning, so as to achieve the purpose of water saving,emission reduction and production increase.

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張忠學,韓羽,齊智娟,陳鵬.秸稈還田下水氮耦合對黑土稻田CH4排放與產量的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(7):254-262. ZHANG Zhongxue, HAN Yu, QI Zhijuan, CHEN Peng. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on CH4 Emission and Rice Yield in Black Soil Paddy Fields with Straw Returned to Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(7):254-262.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-07-10
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