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水氮互作對寧夏沙土春玉米產(chǎn)量與氮素吸收利用的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2015BAD22B05)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFC0403303),、國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)項目(2011AA100504)和教育部高等學(xué)校創(chuàng)新引智計劃項目(B12007)


Effects of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply on Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Spring Maize in Sandy Soil Area in Ningxia
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    摘要:

    為探明滴灌不同水氮調(diào)控對寧夏沙土地區(qū)春玉米生長,、產(chǎn)量、氮素吸收和根區(qū)土壤硝態(tài)氮分布及殘留量的影響,,設(shè)計灌水和施氮2因素,、3個灌水量水平(W0.6,0.6KcET0;W0.8,,0.8KcET0;W1.0,,KcET0,,Kc為作物系數(shù),ET0為潛在作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量)和4個施氮量水平(N150,,150kg/hm2;N225,,225kg/hm2;N300,300kg/hm2;N375,,375kg/hm2),,進行了大田試驗。結(jié)果表明:相同灌水條件下,,春玉米地上部干物質(zhì)累積速率和氮素累積速率(W0.8灌水水平除外)均隨施氮量的增加先增加后減小,。快增期內(nèi),,W1.0N300處理的春玉米地上部干物質(zhì)平均累積速率和W0.8N375處理的氮素平均累積速率最大,,分別為513.71、 2.75kg/(hm2·d),。春玉米地上部干物質(zhì)累積量(W0.8N375除外)和產(chǎn)量隨施氮量的增加先增加后減小,,其中W0.8N300處理的產(chǎn)量最大,為16 387kg/hm2,。相比其他灌水處理,,W0.8灌水水平下的營養(yǎng)器官氮素轉(zhuǎn)運量較大,最大為41.14kg/hm2,。隨著灌水量和施氮量的增加,,60~100cm土層硝態(tài)氮累積量所占的比例逐漸增加,,其中,,W0.6灌水水平下,土壤殘留的硝態(tài)氮主要聚集在0~60cm土層中,,W0.8灌水水平下,,土壤殘留的硝態(tài)氮主要聚集在0~90cm土層中??紤]試驗區(qū)年際降雨量分布不均,,選取灌水量與有效降雨量之和為532mm、施氮量300kg/hm2為寧夏沙土地區(qū)適宜的滴灌灌水施肥制度,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to investigate the effects of fertigation on spring maize growth, yield, and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, soil NO-3N distribution and residual amount in sandy soil area in Ningxia, to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the irrigation and nitrogen management of spring maize in this area. The plot experiments were conducted with two factors of irrigation and nitrogen. There were three irrigation levels (W0.6, 0.6KcET0;W0.8, 0.8KcET0 and W1.0, KcET0, Kc was the crop coefficients, ET0 was the potential reference crops evapotranspiration) and four nitrogen levels (N150,150kg/hm2;N225, 225kg/hm2;N300, 300kg/hm2 and N375, 375kg/hm2). The results showed that under the same irrigation levels, the dry matter accumulation rate, shoot biomass, yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen accumulation rate (except for W0.8 treatment) were increased at first, and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The yield of W0.8N300 treatment was 16387kg/hm2, reached the maximum value. During the fast-growing period, the dry matter average accumulation rate of W1.0N300 and the nitrogen average accumulation rate of W0.8N375 treatment were the highest, which were 513.71kg/(hm2·d) and 2.75kg/(hm2·d), respectively. Compared with other irrigation treatments, the N remobilization of vegetative organs under W0.8 irrigation level was the highest, which was 84.67%. Both irrigation and nitrogen application amount were increased at the same time, and the soil NO-3N residual amount was increased gradually in the 60~100cm at the same time. At W0.6 and W0.8 irrigation levels, the soil NO-3N residual amount was mainly concentrated in the 0~60cm and 0~90cm soil layers, respectively. Considering the uneven distribution of annual rainfall in Ningxia, the results suggested that it was an appropriate schedule for spring maize in this area when the sum of irrigation and effective rainfall amount was 532mm and nitrogen application rate was 300kg/hm2.

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嚴(yán)富來,張富倉,范興科,王英,郭金金,張晨陽.水氮互作對寧夏沙土春玉米產(chǎn)量與氮素吸收利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(7):283-293. YAN Fulai, ZHANG Fucang, FAN Xingke, WANG Ying, GUO Jinjin, ZHANG Chenyang. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply on Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Spring Maize in Sandy Soil Area in Ningxia[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(7):283-293.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-07-10
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