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構建油菜種床合理耕層的驅動型犁旋聯(lián)合耕整機研究
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國家油菜產業(yè)技術體系專項(CARS-12),、湖北省自然科學基金項目(2019CFB153)和湖北省農業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項目


Development of Driven Plow-Rotary Combined Tillage Machine for Construction of Rational Tillage in Rape Seedbeds
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    摘要:

    針對長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)多年采用傳統(tǒng)機械耕整導致耕層變薄、犁底層增厚和土壤粘重板結,,影響油菜根系生長等問題,,提出了適應油菜生長的“深翻埋茬,上松下緊”種床合理耕層方式,;結合油菜種床合理耕層構建及水旱輪作耕整作業(yè)要求,,設計了一種主動對置式犁耕與旋耕碎土相結合的聯(lián)合耕整作業(yè)方案,設計了具有切翻埋茬(草),、旋耕碎土,、平整開畦溝等功能的驅動型犁旋聯(lián)合耕整機,確定了驅動型圓盤犁的結構布局和旋耕刀的類型及排布,,并設計了中間開畦溝的仿靴形銳角開溝器,。田間試驗表明,驅動型犁旋耕整機耕作深度為150~230mm,,耕深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)為90.4%,,仿靴形銳角開溝器在中間開畦溝區(qū)域能開出滿足要求的梯形溝,溝寬為200~400mm,,溝深為205.6~250.0mm,。整機作業(yè)后廂面平整度為15.25~1860mm,碎土率為80.52%~88.43%,,植被埋覆率為92.3%,,廂面單幅寬度為852~956mm,。各項性能指標均滿足油菜種床合理耕層構建及水旱輪作耕整要求。

    Abstract:

    A rational ploughing method of “deep turning and stubble,,tightly lifting and lowering loose” suitable for rapeseed seedbed was proposed to solve the problems caused by the traditional mechanical plowing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,,the use of traditional mechanical plowing resulted in thinning of the plough layer,hickening of the plough bottom layer and soil compaction affecting rape root growth. Combined the requirements for the construction of a reasonable plow layer of rapeseed and the up-and-down rotation tillage operation,,combined farming operation scheme combining active opposed plowing and rotary tillage was designed. A driven plough-rotor with a function of cutting and turning stubble (grass),,rotary ploughing,and levelling trenches was developed. The structural layout of the driven disc plough and the type and row of rotary ploughs were determined. And the imitated boot-shaped acute-angle groove opener was developed for the middle groove. Field experiments showed that the driving plough-rotary tiller had a tillage depth of 150~230mm,,and the stability of the tillage depth was 90.4%. The imitated boot-shaped acute angle opener could open a trapezoidal groove that met the requirements in the middle open trench area. The groove width was 200~400mm and the groove depth was 205.6~250.0mm. The flatness of the cabin surface was 15.25~18.60mm,,the soil crushing rate was 80.52%~88.43%,the rate of vegetation coverage was 92.3% and the single width of the cabin surface was 852~956mm after the prototype machine operation,,which met the requirements for the reasonable cultivation layer construction of the rapeseed bed and the water and dry rotation cultivation.

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廖慶喜,卜祥利,孫文成,魏國粱,張青松,王鵬程.構建油菜種床合理耕層的驅動型犁旋聯(lián)合耕整機研究[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(11):74-84. LIAO Qingxi, BU Xiangli, SUN Wencheng, WEI Guoliang, ZHANG Qingsong, WANG Pengcheng. Development of Driven Plow-Rotary Combined Tillage Machine for Construction of Rational Tillage in Rape Seedbeds[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):74-84.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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