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油菜基質(zhì)塊苗移栽機(jī)取苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700702)、國(guó)家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12),、農(nóng)業(yè)部科研杰出人才及創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目和湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment on Pick-up Device for Rapeseed Substrate Seedling Transplanter
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有油菜基質(zhì)塊苗取苗裝置在取苗過(guò)程易脫苗和基質(zhì)損失率高等問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種往復(fù)夾取式取苗裝置。根據(jù)垂直苗盤取苗,、平行鉛垂線投苗的取苗臂位置要求,,確定了取苗裝置各構(gòu)件尺寸關(guān)系,構(gòu)建了取苗臂的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,,得出其位移方程及相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,。以減小取苗軌跡水平間距及取苗軌跡高度為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),基于Matlab軟件優(yōu)化取苗裝置各構(gòu)件參數(shù)為:主動(dòng)桿長(zhǎng)度75.10mm,,取苗臂長(zhǎng)度335.26mm,,從動(dòng)桿長(zhǎng)度100.42mm,機(jī)架長(zhǎng)度171.32mm,,該參數(shù)組合下,,取苗軌跡水平間距為173.20mm,取苗軌跡高度為29.56mm,。構(gòu)建了取苗回程苗塊的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,,分析了苗塊臨界脫苗方程,結(jié)合苗塊力學(xué)特性參數(shù)測(cè)定試驗(yàn),,得出最小取苗夾持力為7.07N,,確定了末端執(zhí)行器氣缸缸徑為20mm。應(yīng)用ADAMS軟件獲得仿真取苗軌跡,,運(yùn)用高速攝影技術(shù)測(cè)定實(shí)際取苗軌跡高度和取苗軌跡水平間距,,經(jīng)對(duì)比分析,實(shí)際值與理論值,、仿真值的相對(duì)誤差均小于3%,,驗(yàn)證了取苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)表明,,取苗成功率為93.33%,,脫苗率為2.86%,基質(zhì)損失率為3.75%,,滿足油菜基質(zhì)塊苗移栽要求,。

    Abstract:

    Rapeseed seedling transplanting is an innovative and efficient transplanting technique. However, falling off and high substrate loss have become the common problem facing rapeseed seedling transplanting fields and causing the transplanting quality of rapeseed seedling decrease. A clipping type seedling pick-up device was developed. According to the position requirements of the pick-up arm, the size relationship between the components of pick-up device was determined. The displacement equation and motion trajectory of pick-up arm were obtained by dynamic analysis. The optimal parameter combination was obtained based on Matlab optimization analysis, so as to reduce the horizontal spacing (ΔxE) and the height (ΔyE) of trajectory, which were as follows: the length of active side-stick was 75.10mm, the length of pick-up arm was 335.26mm, the length of negative side-stick was 100.42mm, and the length of frame was 171.32mm. And the optimization results were as follows: the horizontal spacing of trajectory was 173.20mm, and the height of trajectory was 29.56mm. The critical falling off equations of seedling block was established by dynamic analysis. The mechanical and physical properties of seedling block were obtained by experiment. The following conclusions were obtained through analysis: the minimum clamping force for pick-up device was 7.07N, and the diameter of the finger cylinder was 20mm. The virtual trajectory was obtained by ADAMS, and the actual trajectory was obtained by high-speed photography technology. After comparison and analysis, the error between the actual value, optimization result and simulation result were less than 3%, which verified the correctness of the mechanism design. The seedling pick-up was tested through the bench experiment, and the results were as follows: the success rate of seedling pick-up was 93.33%, the rate of seedling falling off was 2.86%, and the rate of substrate loss was 3.75%, which met the requirements of rapeseed substrate seedling pick-up and verified the feasibility of the mechanism design. The research result provided a reference for the design of pick-up device for rape substrate seedling transplanter.

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廖慶喜,王洋,胡喬磊,張青松,何坤,肖文立.油菜基質(zhì)塊苗移栽機(jī)取苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(11):93-102. LIAO Qingxi, WANG Yang, HU Qiaolei, ZHANG Qingsong, HE Kun, XIAO Wenli. Design and Experiment on Pick-up Device for Rapeseed Substrate Seedling Transplanter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):93-102.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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