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播種機(jī)導(dǎo)種技術(shù)與裝置研究進(jìn)展分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51975238,、51875229)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700702)和國(guó)家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)


Research Progress of Seed Guiding Technology and Device of Planter
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    摘要:

    機(jī)械化播種是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的重要組成部分,。機(jī)械化播種主要通過(guò)播種機(jī)將種子由種箱運(yùn)移至種床合理位置,,以確保種子行株距的分布均勻,為種子萌發(fā),、植株個(gè)體與群體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境,。機(jī)械化播種的技術(shù)核心是種子群的有序單粒化和單?;癄顟B(tài)的保持,,即精量排種技術(shù)和種子平穩(wěn)運(yùn)移技術(shù)。種子由種箱運(yùn)移至種床是一個(gè)多環(huán)節(jié)串聯(lián)過(guò)程,,導(dǎo)種環(huán)節(jié)是播種過(guò)程中使種子保持均勻有序狀態(tài)入土的末端環(huán)節(jié)之一,,既影響前序過(guò)程種子的有序狀態(tài),又決定后續(xù)種子田間分布的均勻性,。本文根據(jù)物體自由度約束概念,,將播種機(jī)導(dǎo)種劃分為無(wú)約束導(dǎo)種、欠約束導(dǎo)種和全約束導(dǎo)種3種形式,,系統(tǒng)闡述了3種導(dǎo)種技術(shù)與裝置對(duì)種子運(yùn)移的約束狀態(tài),、技術(shù)特點(diǎn)和適用對(duì)象,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外技術(shù)裝備研究現(xiàn)狀和機(jī)械化播種技術(shù)要求,,指出了導(dǎo)種技術(shù)與裝置的未來(lái)發(fā)展方向,,為播種機(jī)導(dǎo)種技術(shù)研究與裝置創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。

    Abstract:

    Mechanized seeding is an important part of agricultural mechanization. The planter mainly transports seeds from the seedbox to the seedbed obeyed a reasonable agronomy position, which would create a suitable environment and uniform space for seed germination and plant growth of individual and group. For this purpose, the precision planter applied precision seeding technology and reposeful seed migration technology to guarantee the seed placed in the reasonable seedbed position by singulating the seed orderly from seedbox and maintaining the singulated state to delivery to the seedbed. The seed migration process was a process of organizing multiple links in series. The seed guiding step was a connecting link between the preceding step of seed discharging from the seed metering device and the following step of settling in the seedbed, which affected the orderly state of seeds in the presequence process and determined the uniform distribution of subsequent seeds in the seedbed. The research of seed guiding technology and the device of the planter was reviewed. According to the concept of object degree of freedom constraint, the seed guiding was generalized into three types: seed unconstrained, seed underconstrained, and seed fullyconstrained. The seed movement constraints, technical characteristics, and applicable objects of the three technical principles and devices were analyzed systematically. Combining the research progress of domestic and foreign technical equipment and the technical requirements of mechanized seeding, the development of seed guiding technology and device was discussed. The research provided a reference for the research of seed guiding technology and the innovative design of seed guiding devices.

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廖宜濤,李成良,廖慶喜,王磊.播種機(jī)導(dǎo)種技術(shù)與裝置研究進(jìn)展分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(12):1-14. LIAO Yitao, LI Chengliang, LIAO Qingxi, WANG Lei. Research Progress of Seed Guiding Technology and Device of Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(12):1-14.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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