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少免耕播種機(jī)條帶型行間側(cè)拋清秸防堵裝置研究
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中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2452016079)


Strip Tillage Inter-row Residue Side-throwing Device of No/minimum-till Seeder for Anti-blocking and Seedbed-cleaning
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)我國(guó)華北平原一年兩熟區(qū)玉米秸稈覆蓋地小麥少免耕播種機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)存在易堵塞,、種床清潔率低等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種條帶型行間側(cè)拋清秸防堵裝置,。對(duì)清秸防堵裝置工作時(shí)秸稈拋撒特性進(jìn)行理論分析,,明確影響清秸效果的關(guān)鍵因素為側(cè)傾刀彎折角,、彎折線夾角和回轉(zhuǎn)半徑,。以作業(yè)扭矩、拋土量和種床清潔率為指標(biāo),,通過(guò)離散元仿真并結(jié)合旋轉(zhuǎn)正交回歸試驗(yàn),,確定了清秸防堵裝置較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為側(cè)傾刀彎折角25°、彎折線夾角30°,、回轉(zhuǎn)半徑250mm,,此時(shí)種床清潔率為80.5%、作業(yè)扭矩為47.2N·m,、拋土率為15.8%,。配合清秸防堵裝置,分別設(shè)計(jì)了一溝雙行種肥分施開(kāi)溝器,、V型土壤導(dǎo)流板等部件,。其中種肥分施開(kāi)溝器前方裝有定刀,可與防堵裝置形成動(dòng)定刀切割,,提高了防堵性能,;V型土壤導(dǎo)流板夾角為130°,可將拋起的土壤顆粒反彈回種床,,增加了回土量,。田間播種試驗(yàn)表明,所設(shè)計(jì)的行間側(cè)拋清秸防堵裝置未發(fā)生堵〖JP3〗塞和纏草現(xiàn)象,,種床清潔率為82.7%,,作業(yè)扭矩為2982N·m,作業(yè)質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,,滿足少免耕播種作業(yè)國(guó)標(biāo)和農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    According to the existing problems of no/minimumtill wheat seeding in maize straw covered field in doublecropping system area in the NorthChina Plain, such as residue blockage, low cleanness of seedbed, a strip tillage interrow residue sidethrowing device for antiblocking and seedbedcleaning was developed. The blade tilt angle, tilt line angle and rotary radius were identified as the key parameters influencing seedbed cleaning in the straw throwing process during seeding operation. Through BoxBehnken central composite rotatable design experiment conducted by discrete element method (DEM) simulation, the optimal parameter of blade tilt angle was 25°, and tilt line angle was 30°, rotary radius was 250mm, when torque requirement was 47.2N·m, seedbed cleaning index was 80.5%, and soil throwing index was 15.8%. An seeding and fertilizing opener was designed with a fixed blade in the front which could coordinate with the rotating blade to recut residues for antiblocking; a Vtype board for soil guidance was designed with the angle of 130° which could rebound soil return to seedbed; and an antitwinning board was designed which could increase rotor radius for antiresidue twinning. Field experiments showed that the seedbedcleaning and antiblocking device had a good antiblocking performance, its seedbed cleaning rate was 82.7%, and torque requirement was 2982N·m. The seeding and fertilizing quality satisfied the national and standard agronomy requirement.

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趙宏波,何進(jìn),鄭智旗,張振國(guó),劉文政.少免耕播種機(jī)條帶型行間側(cè)拋清秸防堵裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(12):24-34. ZHAO Hongbo, HE Jin, ZHENG Zhiqi, ZHANG Zhenguo, LIU Wenzheng. Strip Tillage Inter-row Residue Side-throwing Device of No/minimum-till Seeder for Anti-blocking and Seedbed-cleaning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(12):24-34.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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