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2ZY-6型油菜毯狀苗移栽機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700804),、江蘇省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(SBE2018310260),、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51575284)和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項資金項目(CARS-13)


Design and Test of 2ZY-6 Rapeseed Carpet Seedling Transplanter
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    摘要:

    現(xiàn)有移栽機均以土壤流動為移栽的前提條件,不適應(yīng)稻茬田黏重土壤,,且作業(yè)效率較低,。針對油菜機械化移栽的難題,采用油菜毯狀苗的育苗方式,,借鑒水稻插秧機的切塊取苗原理,,設(shè)計了2ZY-6型油菜毯狀苗移栽機,該機可一次性完成切縫,、移栽和覆土鎮(zhèn)壓等作業(yè),。切縫裝置采用動力波紋圓盤,破茬能力強,、溝型穩(wěn)定,,有利于后續(xù)秧苗對縫栽插;設(shè)計了機械液壓式旱地仿形機構(gòu),,可在不平土壤條件下實現(xiàn)栽深控制,;設(shè)計了V型覆土鎮(zhèn)壓裝置,通過具有夾角調(diào)節(jié)功能的V型對稱布置的鎮(zhèn)壓輪銳角輪緣切土,、側(cè)向推土,,擠壓栽植縫壅土立苗;根據(jù)油菜移栽農(nóng)藝要求,對栽植系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件和參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,,滿足毯狀苗油菜大面積,、低回數(shù)切塊取苗的要求。對整機進行了稻茬田和旱田兩種土壤條件下的性能試驗,,結(jié)果表明,,稻茬田土壤含水率為24.7%~30%時移栽效果較好,栽植合格率最大可達85.66%,;旱田土壤含水率為17.6%~26.8%時移栽質(zhì)量最優(yōu),,栽植合格率最大可達87.01%;在稻茬田移栽時,,機具前進速度應(yīng)控制在1.15m/s以內(nèi),,在旱田移栽時,機具作業(yè)速度為0.8~1.2m/s時均能滿足油菜移栽要求,。

    Abstract:

    Rapeseed is the most important oil crops in China. Rapeseed seedling transplantation is a chief cultivation pattern in the crop rotation area of rice and rapeseed. The existing transplanter took the soil mobility as a prerequisite for transplanting, which was not suitable for the sticky soil of rice stubble field. In addition, the working efficiency of transplanter was low. In order to improve the present situation of rapeseed mechanized transplanting, a 2ZY-6 type rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter which could finish ditching, transplanting and compacting all at once was designed with the reference principle of the rice transplanter. The efficiency of the rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter could reach up to 10 times higher than that of a traditional rapeseed transplanter. The rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter got rid of the limitation of soil mobility and had strong ability to adapt the soil environment of paddy stubble field. Rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter consisted of a furrow opener, seedling feeder mechanism, planting mechanism and compacting mechanism. The furrow opener adopted the design of corrugated disc. The stubble breaking ability was strong and the furrow type was stable which was beneficial to the subsequent planting of seedlings into the gap. The mechanical hydraulic copying mechanism was designed to control the planting depth under the condition of uneven soil. The Vshaped compacting mechanism was designed, and the suppressing wheel which adopted the V type symmetrically to arrange through a longitudinal deflection angle was used to cut the soil at the sharp angle and push the soil at side direction. The soil on both sides of the seedling ditch was squeezed around the seedling through the suppressing wheel, and the seedlings were compacted and kept upright. At the same time, the key components and parameters of the planting system were optimized according to the agronomic requirements of rapeseed transplanting, and the requirements of large area and the low number of cutting block and picking seedling of rapeseed carpet seedling were realized. The performance test of the rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter was carried out under the paddy soil and dry stubble soil. The test results showed that the transplanting effect was outstanding when the moisture content of paddy soil was 25%~30%, and the average transplanting qualified rate was up to 85.66%. The best transplanting quality was obtained in dry stubble field when the moisture content of dry stubble soil was 17.6%~26.8%, and the highest transplanting qualified rate was 87.01%. The transplanting speed of paddy soil should be kept within 1.15m/s, and the transplanting speed of dry stubble soil should be kept within 0.8~1.2m/s, which can directly satisfy the requirements of rapeseed transplanting agronomy. This study provided a reference for users to use rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter and select suitable transplanting conditions. 

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吳俊,俞文軼,張敏,吳崇友,蔣蘭,湯慶.2ZY-6型油菜毯狀苗移栽機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(12):95-102,;275. WU Jun, YU Wenyi, ZHANG Min, WU Chongyou, JIANG Lan, TANG Qing. Design and Test of 2ZY-6 Rapeseed Carpet Seedling Transplanter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(12):95-102;275.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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