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氣送式油菜播種機(jī)集排器供種裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51875229),、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(CARS-12)和湖北省科技廳農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項目


Design and Test on Centralized Metering Seed Feeding Device of Air-assisted Planter for Rapeseed
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有氣送式播種機(jī)集排器供種裝置在油菜種植區(qū)域地表坡度變化范圍大時供種量穩(wěn)定性不足等問題,設(shè)計了一種采用調(diào)節(jié)彈簧調(diào)節(jié)清種毛刷與外切圓弧型孔輪距離,,從而控制充種及清種量,、實現(xiàn)坡地播種、穩(wěn)定供種的供種裝置,。闡述了供種裝置的工作原理,,確定了外切圓弧型孔曲線方程、主圓弧偏轉(zhuǎn)角及種量調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,分析了種量調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)與型孔輪間的力學(xué)關(guān)系,。利用智能種植機(jī)械測試平臺進(jìn)行了供種裝置性能優(yōu)化試驗,以清種毛刷厚度,、調(diào)節(jié)彈簧有效圈數(shù),、調(diào)節(jié)板厚度、主圓弧偏轉(zhuǎn)角為試驗因素,,采用二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗分析各因素對坡度地表供種量穩(wěn)定性的影響,。采用主要目標(biāo)法確定最佳參數(shù)組合為:清種毛刷厚度為13mm、調(diào)節(jié)彈簧有效圈數(shù)為82.5,、調(diào)節(jié)板厚度為7.8mm,、主圓弧偏轉(zhuǎn)角為7.7°,固定傾斜-5°~5°相對無傾斜下的供種速率變化率不超過4.29%,、供種速率穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不超過0.52%,,供種穩(wěn)定性較優(yōu)。最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下的臺架驗證試驗表明,,供種速率在擺動-5°~5°相對無傾斜狀態(tài)的變化率不超過1.6%,,供種速率穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不超過0.86%,滿足油菜坡地播種供種量穩(wěn)定性要求,。

    Abstract:

    Considering the problem that the large range of land slope changes in rapeseed planting area leads to the seed feeding quantity insufficient stability of the seed feeding device of air-assisted centralized metering device of the planter, a prototype of seed feeding device was developed to improve the stability of seed feeding quantity in slope land planting based on adjusting spring to adjust the distance between seed cleaning brush and circular arc type-hole wheel for controlling feeding and cleaning seed quantity. The working process and principle of the seed feeding device were elaborated. The curvilinear equation of the circular arc type-hole, main arc deflection angle, and structural parameters of seed quantity regulating mechanism was determined. The mechanical relationship between seed quantity regulating mechanism and type-hole wheel was analyzed. Using the intelligent planting machine test platform, the influence experiment of land slope on seed feeding performance was carried out. The influence of seed cleaning brush thickness, adjusting spring effective turns, adjusting plate thickness, and main arc deflection angle on stability of seed feeding quantity in land slope was tested with quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test. The experiment results indicated that using the main objective method in multi-objective optimization, when the seed cleaning brush thickness was 13mm, the adjusting spring effective turns was 82.5, the adjusting plate thickness was 7.8mm, and the main arc deflection angle was 7.7°, the variation of seed feeding rate at 5° tilt was 2.32% compared with no tilt, the variation of seed feeding rate at -5° tilt was 4.29% compared with no tilt, the variation coefficient of seed feeding rate stability was no higher than 0.52%, and the seed feeding stability was better. The bench test results showed that on the relatively flat land with variation of seed feeding rate in the state of oscillation in range of -5° to 5° relative to no tilt was no higher than 1.6%, the variation coefficient of seed feeding rate stability was no higher than 0.86% under the optimum combination of parameters. It could meet the requirement of seed feeding quantity stability in the land slope field planting.

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王磊,廖宜濤,廖慶喜,齊天翔,張青松,王寶山.氣送式油菜播種機(jī)集排器供種裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(2):75-85. WANG Lei, LIAO Yitao, LIAO Qingxi, QI Tianxiang, ZHANG Qingsong, WANG Baoshan. Design and Test on Centralized Metering Seed Feeding Device of Air-assisted Planter for Rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(2):75-85.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-02-10
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