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原位混肥挖坑回填復(fù)式果樹栽植機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51675317)和山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017GNC12108)


Design and Experiment of In-situ Fertilizer Mixing Integrated Digging and Backfilling Planter for Fruit Tree
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    摘要:

    為避免土壤連作障礙,果樹幼苗栽植時(shí)需將樹穴土壤與菌肥充分混勻,以提高果樹成活率。針對(duì)果樹栽植過程中混肥質(zhì)量差、作業(yè)流程分離且勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種原位混肥挖坑回填復(fù)式果樹栽植機(jī)。根據(jù)栽植農(nóng)藝要求對(duì)關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),挖坑混肥回填裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)挖坑混肥同步進(jìn)行,垂直挖坑進(jìn)給、肥料計(jì)量排放及原位回填澆灌,根據(jù)原位作業(yè)距離確定舉升裝置各連桿長(zhǎng)度,動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器的行進(jìn)及液壓栽植動(dòng)力分配。開發(fā)了相配套的栽植作業(yè)控制系統(tǒng),并依據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)油壓表征的作業(yè)負(fù)載,實(shí)現(xiàn)基于PWM控制的挖坑進(jìn)給量實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)。針對(duì)菌肥少土壤多的混勻難題,使用離散元(DEM)技術(shù)模擬不同轉(zhuǎn)速、不同摻混時(shí)間下菌肥和土壤在摻混腔的摻混過程,通過相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差法分析樹穴中不同深度土肥混合物的摻混均勻度變異系數(shù),得到最佳理論摻混作業(yè)參數(shù):轉(zhuǎn)速250r/min、摻混時(shí)間14s。田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)表明,樣機(jī)單次栽植作業(yè)總時(shí)間在3min內(nèi),樹穴上、中、下 3層 摻混均勻度變異系數(shù)均不超過16%,作業(yè)深度為0~400mm可調(diào),作業(yè)直徑為500mm,樣機(jī)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)符合果樹栽植農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to avoid the obstacles of soil continuous cropping,it is necessary to mix the soil in the tree holes with the bacterial fertilizer to improve the survival rate of fruit trees.Aiming at the problems of poor quality of mixed fertilizer,separation of operation flow and high labor intensity in the process of fruit tree planting, an integrated fruit tree planting machine was developed.The key components were designed according to the requirements of planting agratics.The backfilling device of pit mixing fertilizer realized simultaneous excavation and fertilizer mixing,vertical pit feeding,fertilizer metering and discharge,and in-situ backfilling and watering.The length of each connecting rod of the lifting device was determined according to the in-situ operating distance.The plant operation control system developed realized automatic plant operation,and real-time adjustment of pit feeding amount based on PWM control according to the operation load characterized by oil pressure monitoring.Against the blending problem of less bacterial manure and more soil,the discrete element simulation was used to simulate mixing process of soil in the mixing chamber at different rotational speeds and mixing time, net-poles through the analysis of the relative standard deviation method in different depths,and soil mixture mixing evenness variation coefficient,and the best theory mixing operation parameters were got as follows:the speed was 250r/min,and the mixing time was 14s. The results of field validation test showed that the total time of single planting of the prototype was less than 3min,the variation coefficient of mixing uniformity of the upper,middle and lower layers of the tree hole was not more than 16%,operating depth was adjustable from 0mm to 400mm,and diameter was 500mm,all indexes of the prototype met the agronomic requirements of fruit tree planting.

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苑進(jìn),尹然光,劉功,劉雪美,毛志泉.原位混肥挖坑回填復(fù)式果樹栽植機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(2):110-121. YUAN Jin, YIN Ranguang, LIU Gong, LIU Xuemei, MAO Zhiquan. Design and Experiment of In-situ Fertilizer Mixing Integrated Digging and Backfilling Planter for Fruit Tree[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(2):110-121.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-02-10
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