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水肥一體化對(duì)小麥干物質(zhì)和氮素積累轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)及產(chǎn)量的影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0301102、2018YFD0300703)


Effects of Drip Fertigation on Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen together with Yield in Wheat
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    摘要:

    為探討滴灌水肥一體化對(duì)小麥干物質(zhì)和氮素積累,、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與產(chǎn)量的影響,,于2016—2018年2個(gè)小麥生長季進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),設(shè)置3個(gè)氮 (N) 肥水平N1(180kg/hm 2 ),、N2(240kg/hm 2 ),、N3(270kg/hm 2 )和3個(gè)水分(W)水平W1(生育期不灌水)、W2(生育期灌2次水),、W3(生育期灌3次水),,9個(gè)處理分別為:W1N1、W1N2,、W1N3,、W2N1、W2N2,、W2N3,、W3N1、W3N2,、W3N3,。結(jié)果表明:連續(xù)2年,小麥植株干物質(zhì)積累量在開花期和成熟期達(dá)到最大,,與W1N1處理相比,,W3N2處理下小麥開花期植株平均干物質(zhì)積累量、成熟期植株平均干物質(zhì)積累量,、營養(yǎng)器官平均干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量,、平均干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率和干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對(duì)籽粒平均貢獻(xiàn)率分別增加32.11%、13.34%,、48.66%,、56.34%、42.93%,;連續(xù)2年,,小麥植株氮素積累量在小麥開花期和成熟期達(dá)到最大,,與W1N1處理相比,W3N2處理下小麥開花期和成熟期植株平均氮素積累量分別增加21.98%和20.30%,;在小麥成熟期,,與W1N1處理相比,W3N2處理下小麥莖+葉鞘平均氮素積累量,、穗軸+穎殼平均氮素積累量,、籽粒平均氮素積累量、營養(yǎng)器官平均氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量,、平均氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率和營養(yǎng)器官氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對(duì)籽粒平均貢獻(xiàn)率分別增加20.19%,、27.65%、35.99%,、47.51%,、20.91%和6.04%;連續(xù)2年,,與W1N1處理相比,,W3N2和W3N3處理下小麥平均產(chǎn)量分別增加31.88%和15.28%,。研究表明,,滴灌水肥一體化下W3N2處理是本試驗(yàn)的最優(yōu)處理,能夠促進(jìn)營養(yǎng)器官干物質(zhì)和氮素的積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)小麥高產(chǎn)高效,。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of drip fertigation on accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen, and yield in wheat, three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels: N1(180kg/hm 2 ), N2(240kg/hm 2 ) and N3(270kg/hm 2 ), and three water (W) levels: W1 (no irrigation at the growth stage), W2(two times irrigation at the growth stage), and W3 (three times irrigation at the growth stage), were set in two wheat growing seasons (2016—2018) by field experiment. The nine treatments were W1N1, W1N2, W1N3, W2N1, W2N2, W2N3, W3N1, W3N2, and W3N3. The results showed that dry matter accumulation of wheat plant reached its maximum at the flowering and maturing stages in two consecutive years. Compared with the W1N1 treatment, W3N2 treatment increased average dry matter accumulation at the flowering and mature stages, average dry matter translocation amount of the vegetative organs, average dry matter translocation rate, and average contribution rate of dry matter translocation to grain by 32.11%, 13.34%, 48.66%, 56.34%, 42.93%, respectively. In two consecutive years, nitrogen accumulation of wheat plant reached the maximum at the flowering and maturing stages of wheat. Compared with W1N1 treatment, average nitrogen accumulation at both flowering and maturing stages of wheat under W3N2 treatment was increased by 21.98% and 20.30%, respectively. In the mature stage of wheat, compared with W1N1 treatment, W3N2 treatment increased average nitrogen accumulation of stem and sheath, average nitrogen accumulation of cob and glume, average nitrogen accumulation of grain, average nitrogen transformation amount, average nitrogen transformation rate and average contribution rate of nitrogen transformation to grain by 20.19%, 27.65%, 35.99%, 47.51%, 20.91%, 6.04%, respectively. In two consecutive years, compared with W1N1 treatment, W3N2 and W3N3 treatment increased average wheat yield by 31.88% and 15.28%, respectively. In conclusion, the W3N2 treatment was the best in the drip fertigation, which was applied to wheat with 240kg/hm 2 pure nitrogen, 60% pure nitrogen was applied at the bottom, 25% of pure nitrogen was added at the jointing stage and 15% of pure nitrogen was added at the filling stage, respectively, and three times irrigation at the jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage under the drip fertigation, which could promote the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetative organs, so as to promote the high-yield and high-efficient wheat.

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張麗霞,楊永輝,尹鈞,武繼承,潘曉瑩.水肥一體化對(duì)小麥干物質(zhì)和氮素積累轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)及產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(2):275-282,319. ZHANG Lixia, YANG Yonghui, YIN Jun, WU Jicheng, PAN Xiaoying. Effects of Drip Fertigation on Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen together with Yield in Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(2):275-282,,319.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-02-10
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