0.05)。采用主成分分析法對(duì)溝灌秸稈覆蓋下土壤保墑抑鹽效果、玉米出苗、產(chǎn)量以及水分利用效率等因素進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),,初步確定適宜的溝灌秸稈覆蓋模式,建議采用0.9~1.2kg/m 2 的壟背秸稈覆蓋量代替常規(guī)地膜覆蓋,,以減小地膜殘留帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染,。本研究可為灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)栽培提供一定借鑒,。"/>

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秸稈覆蓋對(duì)溝灌水鹽遷移與玉米水分利用效率的影響
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400205),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51769021、51539005,、51839006)和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(201602049)


Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Water-salt Transportation and Water Use Efficiency of Maize under Furrow Irrigation
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    摘要:

    為研究河套灌區(qū)鹽漬化土壤壟背地膜和秸稈覆蓋下的溝灌土壤水鹽遷移特征,,明晰溝灌作物產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率的變化規(guī)律,設(shè)置壟背秸稈覆蓋量分別為0.3(P0.3),、0.6(P0.6),、0.9(P0.9)、1.2kg/m 2 (P1.2)和常規(guī)覆膜(DM),、裸地不覆蓋(CK)6種處理,,于2019年進(jìn)行溝灌灌水試驗(yàn),對(duì)比分析了不同秸稈覆蓋量下玉米生育期前后溝斷面土壤水鹽分布,、作物產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率的變化情況,。結(jié)果表明:玉米苗期,覆膜和秸稈覆蓋處理能顯著降低作物無(wú)效耗水,,保證生育后期對(duì)水分的需求,;抽雄灌漿期,覆膜增溫效應(yīng)促進(jìn)了作物生長(zhǎng),,DM處理玉米耗水強(qiáng)烈,,土壤儲(chǔ)水量最低;玉米成熟期,,垂直方向土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)較前期減弱,。整體來(lái)看,P1.2,、P0.9處理蓄水保墑效果較好(P<0.05),。溝灌灌水定額較小、鹽分淋洗效果較差,,且受土壤蒸發(fā)及地下水補(bǔ)給作用,,因此造成根系層鹽分累積。覆膜和秸稈覆蓋處理均能有效抑制鹽分聚集,,P1.2和P0.9處理生育末期的土壤含鹽量較初始含鹽量增幅較小,,分別為14.10%和24.74%。P0.9和DM處理產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率較CK分別提高20.01%,、25.46%和11.32%,、15.29%,增幅較大;過(guò)量秸稈覆蓋造成播期土壤溫度偏低,,會(huì)影響玉米出苗,,P1.2處理玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率較DM處理略有降低,但差異不顯著(P>0.05),。采用主成分分析法對(duì)溝灌秸稈覆蓋下土壤保墑抑鹽效果,、玉米出苗、產(chǎn)量以及水分利用效率等因素進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),,初步確定適宜的溝灌秸稈覆蓋模式,,建議采用0.9~1.2kg/m 2 的壟背秸稈覆蓋量代替常規(guī)地膜覆蓋,以減小地膜殘留帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染,。本研究可為灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)栽培提供一定借鑒,。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the characteristics of water and salt migration of the ridge-back plastic film and straw mulch on the ditch section of the typical saline soil in Hetao Irrigation District, and clarify the changes in crop yield and water use efficiency, the field experiment was carried out in 2019 with ridge-back stalks (0.3kg/m 2 , 0.6kg/m 2 , 0.9kg/m 2 and 1.2kg/m 2 , recorded as P0.3, P0.6, P0.9 and P1.2) and the plastic mulching (DM) and bare land (CK) furrow irrigation test, the comparison and analysis of different straw coverages on the changes of soil water and salt distribution, crop yield and water use efficiency in the ditch section before and after maize growth period were made. Results showed that before maize jointing, film mulching and straw mulching can significantly reduce the ineffective water consumption of crops and ensure the water demand in the later growth period. During the heading grouting period, the temperature increase effect of film mulching promoted the growth of crops, which made treatment DM of maize intensive water consumption and the lowest soil water storage. The soil water movement in the vertical direction at the end of growth was weaker than that in the previous period. In general, the treatments of P1.2 and P0.9 was better than CK in water storage and moisture retention (P<0.05). Due to the small quota of furrow irrigation, the salt leaching effect was poor, and it was affected by soil evaporation and groundwater replenishment, resulting in accumulation of salt in the root layer. Both plastic and straw mulching can effectively inhibit the accumulation of salt, and the salt content of the soil treated with P1.2 and P0.9 was increased the least than the initial soil salt, only 14.10% and 24.74%. The yield and water use efficiency of P0.9 and DM treatment was increased the largest, compared with CK, it was increased by 20.01%, 25.46% and 11.32%, 15.29%, respectively. Excessive straw mulch would cause low soil temperature during sowing period, reduce maize emergence, make maize yield and water use efficiency of P1.2 treatment slightly reduced compared with DM treatment, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of soil moisture retention and salt suppression, maize emergence, yield, and water use efficiency under furrow irrigation straw cover, and it was recommended to use 0.9~1.2kg/m 2 of ridge-back straw coverage instead of conventional plastic film to reduce the environmental impact of plastic film residues. The research result can provide some reference for agricultural cultivation techniques in irrigation areas.

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范雷雷,史海濱,李瑞平,苗慶豐,王思楠,裴文武.秸稈覆蓋對(duì)溝灌水鹽遷移與玉米水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(2):283-293. FAN Leilei, SHI Haibin, LI Ruiping, MIAO Qingfeng, WANG Sinan, PEI Wenwu. Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Water-salt Transportation and Water Use Efficiency of Maize under Furrow Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(2):283-293.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-02-10
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