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棉花打頂機自動對行裝置設計與試驗
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河北省棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項目(2014—2019)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0300907)


Design and Experiment of Auto-follow Row Device for Cotton Topping Machine
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    摘要:

    為了提高棉花打頂機的自動化水平,,以高地隙底盤棉花打頂機為載體,利用傳感器技術,、電機控制技術和PLC控制技術,,結(jié)合機采棉品種棉花種植模式,設計了棉花打頂機自動對行裝置,。該裝置主要由檢測機構,、對行機構、電機控制系統(tǒng),、電子控制系統(tǒng)和控制軟件組成,。采用RecurDyn軟件對檢測機構進行運動仿真,探究運動規(guī)律,,為角度傳感器選取提供理論依據(jù),;利用角度傳感器獲取棉株偏行量,建立檢測桿轉(zhuǎn)動角度與步進電機步進量和轉(zhuǎn)動方向之間的對應關系,,通過控制步進電機的步進量和轉(zhuǎn)動方向?qū)崿F(xiàn)對偏行棉株的精確打頂,;通過人機交互界面對控制系統(tǒng)進行實時監(jiān)測,以提高駕駛直線度,。為避免側(cè)枝干擾,,對兩側(cè)低側(cè)枝情況控制系統(tǒng)采用位置信息對比方法獲取主莖稈位置,;對單側(cè)低側(cè)枝情況按原程序執(zhí)行,,田間實測表明該誤差可忽略。田間試驗表明,,與人工對行相比,,自動對行平均偏行量減小了8.08cm,同比降低56.62%,,無偏行率同比提高275%,。

    Abstract:

    In view of the development of cotton topping mechanization, it was found that in addition to cutting off the top branch, the highest lateral branch should also be cut off. Although the highest lateral branch will also produce cotton boll, the cotton boll bearing capacity is far lower than that of the lower lateral branch. The topping machine which can cut off the top branch and the highest lateral branch at the same time was designed by some scholars, but the auto-follow row problem was involved, which may result in the highest lateral branch being missed or over hit. Machine-harvested cotton planting patterns were combined, a set of auto-follow row device of cotton topping machine was designed by using sensor technology, motor control technology and PLC control technology. The device was mainly composed of testing mechanism, auto-follow row mechanism, motor control system, electronic control system and control software. RecurDyn software was used to simulate the motion of the testing organization, explore the law of motion, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of angle sensor. The deviation of cotton plant was obtained by angle sensor, and the corresponding relationship between the rotation angle of detection rod and the stepping and rotation direction of stepper motor were established. The accurate topping of deviation cotton plant was realized by controlling the stepping and rotation direction of stepper motor. In order to improve the driver’s straightness, the control system was monitored in real time through the human machine interface. In order to avoid the disturbance of lateral branches, the position of the main stem was obtained by comparing the position information of the low lateral branches on both sides;for the case of single low side branch, the error can be ignored by field measurement. It was showed that the average deviation of the auto-follow row was reduced by 8.08cm, 56.62% and the rate of not auto-follow row was increased by 275% by field experiments. In the past, most of the topping machines only used the way of flat cutting to remove the top of the cotton plant, and the inhibition of the highest lateral branch was still controlled by chemical control. Therefore, only the topping machine was highly modeled. A device was designed to cut the top branch and the highest side branch at the same time. The intelligent control technology was integrated into the machine, and the auto-follow row device was designed, so the topping quality of the cotton topping machine was raised. The design had great innovation.

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張晉國,鄭超,趙金,張瑞星,趙西哲,李峰濤.棉花打頂機自動對行裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(7):93-101. ZHANG Jinguo, ZHENG Chao, ZHAO Jin, ZHANG Ruixing, ZHAO Xizhe, LI Fengtao. Design and Experiment of Auto-follow Row Device for Cotton Topping Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(7):93-101.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-07-10
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