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基于改進(jìn)YOLO v3模型的奶牛發(fā)情行為識(shí)別研究
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陜西省重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新鏈(群)——農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域項(xiàng)目(2019ZDLNY02-05)和國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(61473235)


Estrus Behavior Recognition of Dairy Cows Based on Improved YOLO v3 Model
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    摘要:

    為提高復(fù)雜環(huán)境下奶牛發(fā)情行為識(shí)別精度和速度,,提出了一種基于改進(jìn)YOLO v3模型的奶牛發(fā)情行為識(shí)別方法,。針對(duì)YOLO v3模型原錨點(diǎn)框尺寸不適用于奶牛數(shù)據(jù)集的問題,,對(duì)奶牛數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行聚類,并對(duì)獲得的新錨點(diǎn)框尺寸進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,;針對(duì)因數(shù)據(jù)集中奶牛個(gè)體偏大等原因而導(dǎo)致模型識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確率低的問題,,引入DenseBlock結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)YOLO v3模型原特征提取網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提高了模型識(shí)別性能,;將YOLO v3模型原邊界框損失函數(shù)使用均方差(MSE)作為損失函數(shù)度量改為使用FIoU和兩框中心距離Dc度量,,提出了新的邊界框損失函數(shù),使其具有尺度不變性,。從96段具有發(fā)情爬跨行為的視頻片段中各選取50幀圖像,,根據(jù)發(fā)情爬跨行為在活動(dòng)區(qū)出現(xiàn)位置的不確定性和活動(dòng)區(qū)光照變化的特點(diǎn),對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行水平翻轉(zhuǎn),、±15°旋轉(zhuǎn),、隨機(jī)亮度增強(qiáng)(降低)等數(shù)據(jù)增強(qiáng)操作,用增強(qiáng)后的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建訓(xùn)練集和驗(yàn)證集,,對(duì)改進(jìn)后的模型進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,,并依據(jù)F1、mAP,、準(zhǔn)確率P和召回率R指標(biāo)進(jìn)行模型優(yōu)選,。在測試集上的試驗(yàn)表明,本文方法模型的識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確率為99.15%,,召回率為97.62%,,且處理速度達(dá)到31f/s,能夠滿足復(fù)雜養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境,、全天候條件下奶牛發(fā)情行為的準(zhǔn)確,、實(shí)時(shí)識(shí)別。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to improve the detection accuracy and speed of estrus behavior of dairy cows in a complex scene, a method of recognizing estrus behavior of dairy cows based on improved YOLO v3 model was proposed. To solve the problem of the cows’ size was inconsistent with the size of the object in the COCO dataset, which caused the original anchors were not applicable, new anchors were obtained by clustering new data sets and optimized by using linear expansion. As cows with a big size, the small difference between individuals and associations between behaviors, which was difficult to distinguish, a DenseBlock structure was introduced to the feature extraction network of YOLO v3 model to improve its detection performance on the large objects. Considered that the original bounding box loss function of YOLO v3 model was not invariant to the object scale, the FIoU and the center distance Dc of two boxes were used as the measuring method, and a new bounding box loss function was proposed to make it scale-invariant. Totally 50 images were extracted each from 96 video mounting behavior clips of dairy cows, according to the uncertainty position of cows’ mounting behavior in the active area and the character of the light changing of the active area, horizontally flipped, rotated ±15° and random brightness enhancement (decrease) were applied on them for data augmentation. The augmented data was divided into three parts as training sets, validation sets, and test sets, training sets and validation sets were used to train the improved model and the best training model was chosen as dairy cow estrus behavior recognition model with the indicators F1, mAP, accuracy rate P, and recall rate R. The experiment on test sets showed that the accuracy rate of the model was 99.15%, the recall rate was 97.62%, and the processing speed reached 31f/s, which could accurately and real-time identify cows’ estrus behavior in a complex breeding environment under all weather. The research could also provide a reference for other large livestock behavior recognition.

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王少華,何東健.基于改進(jìn)YOLO v3模型的奶牛發(fā)情行為識(shí)別研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(7):141-150. WANG Shaohua, HE Dongjian. Estrus Behavior Recognition of Dairy Cows Based on Improved YOLO v3 Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(7):141-150.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-07-10
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