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生育期連續(xù)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)花生光合特性和根冠生長的影響
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遼寧省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(20180550819)和遼寧省教育廳科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目(LSNJC202003)


Effect of Continuous Regulated Deficit Irrigation in Growth Period on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Root and Crown Growth of Peanut
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    摘要:

    為研究不同水分脅迫條件下,,花生生育期復(fù)水對(duì)葉片光合特性,、干物質(zhì)積累的影響,,進(jìn)而分析其補(bǔ)償效應(yīng),,于2018—2019年在遼西北阿爾鄉(xiāng)灌溉試驗(yàn)站進(jìn)行了膜下滴灌試驗(yàn),,采用兩因素裂區(qū)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),,在花生的花針期(H,,主區(qū))、結(jié)莢期(J,,副區(qū))設(shè)置重度(H1、J1),、適度(H2、J2)和無虧(H3,、J3)3個(gè)水平的水分脅迫處理,,分別對(duì)應(yīng)的土壤計(jì)劃濕潤層含水率下限為55%、65%,、70%田間持水率(FC),,對(duì)比分析了花生葉片光合特性、根冠干物質(zhì)積累量,、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成等指標(biāo),。結(jié)果表明,單生育期重度水分脅迫處理(H1,、J1)復(fù)水后葉片光合特性不能恢復(fù)到正常水平,,抑制了花生根冠干物質(zhì)的積累;適度水分脅迫處理(H2,、J2)復(fù)水后產(chǎn)生的光合超補(bǔ)償效應(yīng),,使花生在生育末期根冠干物質(zhì)積累高于無虧處理;而連續(xù)適度水分脅迫處理(H2J2)復(fù)水后葉片能更好地進(jìn)行光合作用、積累根冠干物質(zhì),,形成有利的根冠比,。在2018—2019年的所有處理中,與H3J3處理相比,,H2J2處理兩年分別增產(chǎn)12.44%,、11.98%(p<0.05),分別節(jié)水9.32%(p>0.05)和14.23%(p<0.05),,水分利用效率分別提高22.32%,、27.78%(p<0.05)。在遼西北地區(qū),,于花生花針期,、結(jié)莢期施加適度水分脅迫是兼顧節(jié)水,、增產(chǎn)的適宜處理。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to investigate the effects of rehydration on photosynthetic characteristics of peanut leaves and dry matter accumulation under the condition of different water stress duration in multiple growth period, and reveal its compensation effect, the experiment of drip irrigation under the plastic film was carried out in Aerxiang Irrigation Experimental Station in Northwest Liaoning Province for two consecutive years from 2018 to 2019 and the splitplot design on two factors was adopted. In the experiment, three levels of water deficit treatments were set in the peanut flower-pegging stage (H/main zone) and pod setting stage (J/sub zone) respectively, namely, severe (H1/J1), moderate (H2/J2) and no deficit (H3/J3) treatments, corresponding to 55%, 65% and 70% field capacity (FC) of the lower limit of water content of planned wetting layer in soil, respectively, comparative analysis of peanut leaf photosynthetic characteristics, root-shoot dry matter accumulation, yield composition and other indicators. The experimental results showed that severe water stress treatment (H1/J1) during a single growth period after rehydration the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves could not be returned to normal levels, which inhibited the accumulation of dry matter in peanut roots and shoots. Moderate water stress treatment (H2/J2) during a single growth period after rehydration the photosynthetic super-compensation effect made the root and shoot dry matter accumulation of peanuts at the end of the growth stage higher than that of the no deficit treatment. However, continuous moderate water stress treatment (H2J2) after rehydration leaves can photosynthesize more effectively, accumulated root-shoot dry matter, and formed a favorable root-shoot ratio. In all the experiment in 2018—2019, compared with H3J3 treatment, H2J2 treatment increased yield by 12.44% (p<0.05), 11.98% (p<0.05), saved water by 9.32% (p>0.05), 14.23% (p<0.05), and water use efficiency was increased by 22.32% (p<0.05) and 27.78% (p<0.05), respectively. In the northwest of Liaoning Province, applying moderate water stress at the flower-pegging stage and pod setting stage was the suitable treatment for water saving and yield increasing.

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夏桂敏,汪千慶,張峻霄,吳奇,遲道才,張更元.生育期連續(xù)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)花生光合特性和根冠生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(8):318-328. XIA Guimin, WANG Qianqing, ZHANG Junxiao, WU Qi, CHI Daocai, ZHANG Gengyuan. Effect of Continuous Regulated Deficit Irrigation in Growth Period on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Root and Crown Growth of Peanut[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(8):318-328.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-08-10
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