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有機無機氮配施對玉米產(chǎn)量和硝態(tài)氮淋失的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51769024)和國家自然科學(xué)基金重點項目(51539005)


Evaluation of Organic-Inorganic Nitrogen Application on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Leaching by DNDC Model
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    摘要:

    為獲取玉米高產(chǎn)和減少氮素淋失的合理有機無機配施模式,,通過田間試驗和脫氮-分解模型(DeNitrification-DeComposition,DNDC)模擬,研究了有機氮替代不同比例無機氮對玉米產(chǎn)量和硝態(tài)氮淋失的影響,。玉米田間試驗在內(nèi)蒙古河套灌區(qū)進(jìn)行,,設(shè)置了6個處理,包括不施氮(CK),、單施無機氮(U1)以及用有機氮替代25%,、50%、75%和100%無機氮(U3O1,、U1O1,、U1O3、O1)。利用2018—2020年的U1處理對模型進(jìn)行了校準(zhǔn),,用其他處理進(jìn)行驗證,。結(jié)果表明,該模型能較好地模擬作物產(chǎn)量(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均方根誤差小于5%)和硝態(tài)氮淋失量(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均方根誤差小于15%),。此外,,利用該模型模擬評估不同管理措施對玉米產(chǎn)量和硝態(tài)氮淋失量發(fā)現(xiàn),在U1處理的基礎(chǔ)上,,增加無機氮施用量會導(dǎo)致作物產(chǎn)量下降,,同時也會顯著增加硝態(tài)氮淋失量;增加有機氮施用量,、灌水量,、無機氮分施次數(shù)會增加玉米產(chǎn)量和硝態(tài)氮淋失量。在等施氮量240kg/hm2條件下,,隨著有機氮施入比例增加,,玉米產(chǎn)量呈先升后降的趨勢,硝態(tài)氮淋失量呈逐漸降低的態(tài)勢,。綜合來看,,有機無機氮配施比例為3∶2時,作物產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最高值(12578kg/hm2),,硝態(tài)氮淋失量(15.7kg/hm2)也在可接受水平,,可確定為該地區(qū)較優(yōu)有機無機氮配施模式。

    Abstract:

    With the aim to obtain a reasonable organic-inorganic fertilizer combination for high maize yield and reduce nitrogen leaching loss, field experiments and simulation were conducted by using the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model to study the effect of replacing inorganic nitrogen with different ratios of organic nitrogen on maize yield and nitrate leaching loss. Six treatments were applied: no nitrogen (CK), only inorganic nitrogen (U1), and inorganic nitrogen with 25%, 50%, and 75% organic nitrogen (U3O1, U1O1, and U1O3), and only organic nitrogen (O1). The model was calibrated by using U1 treatment from 2018 to 2020 and it was verified by using the other treatments. The results showed that the DNDC model accurately simulated crop yield (NRMSE <5%) and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss (NRMSE<15%). In addition, the model was used to simulate and evaluate the effects of different management measures on maize yield and nitrate leaching. On the basis of the U1 treatment, the results revealed that increasing the application of inorganic nitrogen can decrease crop yield and significantly increase nitrate leaching. Increases in the amount of organic nitrogen, irrigation and frequency of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application can increase maize yield and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss. With a pure nitrogen application rate of 240kg/hm2, as the proportion of organic nitrogen was increased, maize yield was first increased and then decreased, and nitrate nitrogen leached loss was gradually decreased. Overall, when the ratio of organic-inorganic nitrogen was 3∶2, crop yield reached the highest value (12578kg/hm2), and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss was also acceptable (15.7kg/hm2). This ratio was the optimal combination of organic and inorganic nitrogen for the study area.

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周慧,史海濱,張文聰,王維剛,蘇永德,閆妍.有機無機氮配施對玉米產(chǎn)量和硝態(tài)氮淋失的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(9):291-301,,249. ZHOU Hui, SHI Haibin, ZHANG Wencong, WANG Weigang, SU Yongde, YAN Yan. Evaluation of Organic-Inorganic Nitrogen Application on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Leaching by DNDC Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):291-301,,249.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-10
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