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前置式大壟原茬地種床整備裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0201004)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(GARS-04)


Design and Experiment of Cleaning and Anti-blocking of Front-mounted Seed Bed Preparation Device for Grand Ridge with Raw Stubble
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    摘要:

    為解決東北寒區(qū)部分播種機在秸稈重度覆蓋還田地區(qū)無法正常播種作業(yè)問題,,基于2BMFJ-DL4型原茬地免耕精量播種機側(cè)向清秸覆秸原理,結(jié)合玉米大豆1.1m大壟輪作寬窄行種植模式,,設(shè)計了一種前置式原茬地種床整備裝置,。通過理論分析和計算機仿真,設(shè)計了裝置結(jié)構(gòu)和液壓系統(tǒng),,確定了其作業(yè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)范圍,,液壓系統(tǒng)分析結(jié)果表明,液壓懸掛系統(tǒng)和液壓驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)各執(zhí)行元件的同步性能,、轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩均滿足作業(yè)技術(shù)要求。應(yīng)用Design-Expert 8.0.6軟件和三因素三水平正交試驗方法,,以作業(yè)速度,、種床整備單元組刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速和種床整備刀齒入土深度為試驗因素,以清秸率,、覆秸均勻度和每個種床整備單元組刀軸旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗為評價指標(biāo),,實施參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化田間試驗。結(jié)果表明,,在參數(shù)組合為作業(yè)速度7.2km/h,、種床整備單元組刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速600r/min、種床整備刀齒入土深度30mm時,,清秸率為91.03%,,覆秸均勻度為92.61%,每個種床整備單元組刀軸旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗為7.96kW,,性能滿足生產(chǎn)農(nóng)藝技術(shù)要求,;研究結(jié)果為提高播種機利用率和原茬地免耕覆秸播種機械化技術(shù)模式在玉米秸稈全量還田地區(qū)的推廣應(yīng)用提供了技術(shù)支持。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem that part of the planter could not normally sow in the area with heavy straw mulching in the cold region of Northeast China, based on the principle of 2BMFJ-DL4 no-tillage precision planter in the primary stubble field, combining with the wide and narrow row planting pattern of 1.1m large ridge rotation of corn and soybean, a kind of frontmounted seed bed preparation device for primary stubble field was designed. The front-mounted seed bed preparation device and the active seeder constituted a no-tillage and seeding over straw compound operation machine, which can complete a number of functions such as seed bed preparation, straw moderate crushing, no-tillage and seeding, straw mulching and returning to the field. Through theoretical analysis and computer simulation, the structure and hydraulic system of the device were designed, and the range of the key parameters of operation was determined. The results of hydraulic system analysis showed that the synchronous performance, speed and torque of the actuator of the hydraulic suspension system and the hydraulic drive system all met the technical requirements. Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software and three-factor and three-level orthogonal test method, the field experiment of parameter combination optimization was carried out, with the operating speed, the rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditioning unit group and the penetration depth of the blade of the seed bed conditioning unit group as the test factors, and the straw clearing rate, the overlaying straw uniformity and the rotating power consumption of the blade shaft of each seed bed conditioning unit group as the evaluation indexes. For straw clearing rate, the order of primary and secondary effects was as follows: operating speed, penetration depth of the blade, and rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditioning unit group. For overlaying straw uniformity, the order of primary and secondary effects was as follows: rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditioning unit group, operating speed, and penetration depth of the blade. For rotating power consumption of the blade shaft of each seed bed conditioning unit group, the order of primary and secondary effects was as follows: operating speed, penetration depth of the blade, and rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditioning unit group. When the parameter combination was the operating speed of 7.2km/h, the blade shaft rotation speed of the seed bed unit group was 600r/min, and the penetration depth of the seed bed gear was 30mm, the straw removal rate was 91.03%, the overlying straw uniformity was 92.61%, and the rotation power of the blade shaft of each seed bed unit group was 7.96kW. The performance met the production agronomic technical requirements. The results provided technical support for improving the utilization rate of seeder and the popularization and application of the mechanization technology mode of no-tillage and straw seeding in the original stubble field in the areas where the total amount of corn straw returned to the field.

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陳海濤,魏志鵬,蘇文海,侯守印,紀文義,史乃煜.前置式大壟原茬地種床整備裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(10):51-60,73. CHEN Haitao, WEI Zhipeng, SU Wenhai, HOU Shouyin, JI Wenyi, SHI Naiyu. Design and Experiment of Cleaning and Anti-blocking of Front-mounted Seed Bed Preparation Device for Grand Ridge with Raw Stubble[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):51-60,73.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-08-17
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