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對(duì)輥擠壓式砂姜黑土整地機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0700301)


Design and Experiment of Shajiang Black Soil Preparation Machine with Double Pressing Roller
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)砂姜黑土區(qū)土壤易形成堅(jiān)硬土塊,,傳統(tǒng)翻耕,、旋耕作業(yè)后地表大土塊過(guò)多,嚴(yán)重影響小麥播種質(zhì)量的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種對(duì)輥擠壓式砂姜黑土整地機(jī),,可一次性完成土塊撿拾、篩分輸送,、破碎還田和平地鎮(zhèn)壓等作業(yè),。對(duì)整機(jī)關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與分析,確定了入土鏟刀,、篩分輸送裝置和破碎裝置等部件結(jié)構(gòu)與工作參數(shù),,同時(shí)分析了土壤在篩分輸送裝置上的受力和運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。采用高速攝影對(duì)砂姜黑土土塊破碎機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,,得到土塊破碎過(guò)程中位移-載荷變化規(guī)律,,結(jié)果表明土塊最大破碎載荷不超過(guò)900N;利用EDEM軟件對(duì)3種輥齒的碎土能力進(jìn)行仿真分析,,確定破碎裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作參數(shù),。田間試驗(yàn)采用3種作業(yè)方式:犁耕+旋耕+撿拾破碎(地塊a);犁耕+撿拾破碎(地塊b),;犁耕+旋耕兩次(地塊c),。其中,地塊a農(nóng)田土塊破碎率為89.5%,,較地塊c高44.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn),;地塊b較地塊c土塊數(shù)量少55.3%。a,、b,、c 3個(gè)地塊地表平整度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差均值分別為6.92,、11.58、17.23mm,,結(jié)果表明地塊a作業(yè)后地表平整度最佳,,地塊b作業(yè)效果優(yōu)于地塊c,在一定條件下,,對(duì)輥擠壓式砂姜黑土整地機(jī)作業(yè)效果優(yōu)于旋耕機(jī),。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the Shajiang black soil tend to become hard soil blocks and there are too many large soil blocks remain on land surface after traditional tillage and rotary tillage, which seriously affects the quality of wheat sowing. A pair of roller extrusion Shajiang black soil preparation machine was designed for solving the mentioned problems. The machine can finish the series work of soil pick-up, screening and transportation, crushing and returning to the field, and flat pressing. The multifunctional material testing machine and high-speed photography were used to study the crushing mode of Shajiang black soil, and the displacement load variation law in the crushing process was obtained. The maximum crushing load was determined to be no more than 900N. Straight blade, as the key parts of the whole machine structure, its parameters such as the blade inclination angle, blade length, blade rear end height were studied. Through the force analysis of the soil block in the screening conveying device, the angle between the screen plate and the retaining plate was finally believed to be 110 degrees. By researching on the installation parameters of the crushing roller and the rotation speed of the crushing roller in the crushing device, the structure and working parameters of the crushing device were finally identified. There were three comparison through the field experiment: plow+rotary tillage+picking up and breaking (a), plow+picking up and breaking (b), plow+rotary tillage+rotary tillage (c). Comparing the results of a and c, the soil fragmentation rate of a was 89.5%, which was 44.4 percentage points higher than that of mode c. Besides, the number of soil blocks in mode b was 55.3% less than that in mode c. The mean values of standard deviation of surface roughness of mode a, b and c were 6.92, 11.58 and 17.23mm, respectively, The results showed that the surface evenness of mode a was the best, and the effect of mode b was better than that of mode c. Under certain conditions, the effect of double roller extrusion type soil preparation machine for Shajiang black soils was better than that of rotary tiller.

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陳桂斌,董超,張立,王慶杰,何進(jìn),李洪文.對(duì)輥擠壓式砂姜黑土整地機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(3):50-59. CHEN Guibin, DONG Chao, ZHANG Li, WANG Qingjie, HE Jin, LI Hongwen. Design and Experiment of Shajiang Black Soil Preparation Machine with Double Pressing Roller[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(3):50-59.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-03-10
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