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油菜旋轉(zhuǎn)盤式高速集排器螺旋供種裝置設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金面上項目(51875229),、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(CARS-12)和湖北省科技廳農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項目


Design and Experiment of Spiral Seed Feeding Device in Spinning Disc High-speed Metering Device for Rapeseed
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有機械離心式集排器高速作業(yè)時供種能力不足,供種量難以實現(xiàn)精量可調(diào)等實際問題,,設計一種具有“螺旋進種條”結(jié)構(gòu)的油菜旋轉(zhuǎn)盤式高速集排器,。基于油菜種子機械物理特性及播量需求,,開發(fā)螺旋供種裝置,,構(gòu)建種子供種過程的力學模型并分析確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。采用三元二次回歸正交組合試驗建立供種速率,、供種速率穩(wěn)定變異系數(shù),、破損率與轉(zhuǎn)速、葉片寬度,、導程之間的數(shù)學模型,,分析得到影響供種速率的因素主次順序為導程、葉片寬度,、轉(zhuǎn)速,,影響供種速率穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)及破損率的因素主次順序為轉(zhuǎn)速、導程,、葉片寬度,;且較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:轉(zhuǎn)速81r/min、葉片寬度4mm,、導程15mm,。在較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下的臺架驗證試驗得到供種裝置的供種速率為92.7g/min,供種速率穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為0.32%,,破損率為0.29%,;供種速率為36.55~190.94g/min時,供種速率穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)均低于1.29%,,破損率均低于0.5%,。田間試驗表明機組作業(yè)速度為10km/h時,油菜播種均勻性變異系數(shù)為9.4%,,種植密度為48~60株/m2,,可實現(xiàn)高速播種,,滿足油菜種植農(nóng)藝要求,可為旋轉(zhuǎn)盤式集排器結(jié)構(gòu)改進提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    Considering the practical problem that the high-speed planting operation leads to the seed feeding capability insufficient and the difficulty of precise adjustment of feeding quantity of the existing centrifugal metering device, a prototype of spinning disc high-speed metering device for rapeseed with a spiral was developed. Based on the mechanical and physical properties and parameters and the demand of planting quantity for rapeseed, a spiral seed feeding device was proposed and the mechanical model of seed feeding were established and the main structural parameters were analyzed and determined. A three-factor quadratic orthogonal combination test was performed to establish a mathematical model between seed feeding rate, stability variation coefficient of seed feeding rate, damage rate and speed, blade width, and lead. The analysis result showed that the sequence of factors affecting the seed feeding rate were lead, blade width and speed, and the the sequence of factors affecting the stability variation coefficient of seed feeding rate and the damage rate were both speed, lead and blade width. The optimal parameter combination was established when the speed was 81r/min, the blade width was 4mm and the lead was 15mm. The bench verification test results showed that the seed feeding rate was 92.7g/min, the stability coefficient of variation was 0.32%, and the damage rate was 0.29% of the seed feeding device under the optimum combination of parameters. The seed feeding rate was varied from 36.55g/min to 190.94g/min, the stability variation coefficient of the seed rate was less than 1.29%, and the damage rate was less than 0.5%. The field experiment showed that when the planting speed of the seeder was 10km/h, the uniformity variation coefficient of rapeseed seeding was 9.4%, and the planting density was 48~60 plants/m2, which could complete high-speed seeding. It could meet the performance requirements of rapeseed and would provide a reference for the structure improvement of spinning disc metering device for rapeseed.

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姚露,廖慶喜,王磊,劉海,魏國粱,王寶山.油菜旋轉(zhuǎn)盤式高速集排器螺旋供種裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(6):78-88. YAO Lu, LIAO Qingxi, WANG Lei, LIU Hai, WEI Guoliang, WANG Baoshan. Design and Experiment of Spiral Seed Feeding Device in Spinning Disc High-speed Metering Device for Rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(6):78-88.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-25
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