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正負氣壓式油菜割臺分行落粒回收裝置設計與試驗
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中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院科技創(chuàng)新工程重大科研項目(CAAS-ZDRW202105),、中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院基本科研業(yè)務費專項(S202203)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-12)


Development and Test of Positive and Negative Pressure Combined Side Knife Cutting Scattered Seed Recovery Device for Rapeseed Header
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    摘要:

    針對油菜聯(lián)合收獲分行剪切落粒多,、損失高的問題,提出了油菜割臺分行損失氣力回收方法,,設計了正負氣壓組合式油菜割臺分行落?;厥昭b置,。通過正壓氣流導向收集分行散落物料,,并由負壓氣流定向輸送回割臺,實現(xiàn)回收減損,?;贔luent構建了回收管內(nèi)部流場仿真分析模型,單因素試驗確定了喉管直徑,、喉管傾角分別為70mm,、120°,在一定范圍內(nèi)負壓氣流速度隨漸擴角,、漸縮角的增大而減小且存在交互作用,;以進風口直徑、漸縮段長度,、出風口直徑和漸擴段長度為試驗因素,,以負壓氣流速度為評價指標,開展了四元二次回歸正交組合試驗,結果表明影響負壓氣流速度的主次順序為漸擴段長度,、進風口直徑,、漸縮段長度、出風口直徑,,較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為進風口直徑94mm,、漸縮段長度38mm、出風口直徑115mm,、漸擴段長度350mm,;建立了回收裝置內(nèi)部流場-物料CFD-DEM耦合仿真模型,研究了正壓,、負壓氣流速度對物料回收效果的影響,,結果表明物料回收率隨正壓氣流速度的升高先增大后減小、隨負壓氣流速度的升高持續(xù)增大,,明確了較優(yōu)正壓氣流速度為20m/s,;基于正、負壓氣流流量分析,,確定了氣流分配器中兩路氣流通道的截面積之比為1∶3,;田間試驗表明裝備分行落粒回收裝置后油菜割臺損失率,、豎割刀損失率分別為1.26%,、0.39%,分別下降了21.8%,、47.3%,,有效降低了分行損失和割臺損失。

    Abstract:

    Mature rapeseed pods split easily. Under the shearing and vibration forces of the side knife, the pod splits, and the rapeseed scatters out of the header, resulting in high rapeseed losses. Aiming at the problem, side knife cutting scattered seed pneumatic recovery method was proposed, and positive and negative pressure combined side knife cutting scattered seed recovery device was designed. The scattered materials were collected by the positive pressure airflow direction and transported to the entrance of the negative pressure airflow, and then directed by the negative pressure airflow to recover and pneumatically transported back to the header to achieve recovery and loss reduction. The internal flow field simulation analysis model of the recycling tube was built based on Fluent. The results of the single-factor test showed that the negative pressure airflow velocity was decreased with the increase of the throat diameter and increased with the increase of the throat inclination angle, and the diameter and inclination angle of the throat were determined to be 70mm and 120° respectively. Negative pressure airflow velocity was decreased with the increase of decreasing angle and decreasing angle in a certain range and there was an interactive effect, the determining factors were the inlet diameter, shrinkage length, outlet diameter and diffusion length. A quadratic regression orthogonal combination test was conducted using negative pressure airflow velocity as the evaluation index. The results showed that the importance of the factors affecting the negative pressure airflow velocity were length of the diffusion length, inlet diameter, shrinkage length, and outlet diameter. The optimized parameter combination was inlet diameter of 94mm, shrinkage length of 38mm, outlet diameter of 115mm and diffusion length of 350mm. A coupled CFD-DEM simulation model of the internal airflow-material in the recovery device was developed to study the influence of positive and negative pressure airflow velocity on the material recovery effect. The results showed that the material recovery rate was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of positive pressure airflow velocity, and continued to increase with the increase of negative pressure airflow velocity. The optimal positive pressure airflow velocity was determined to be 20m/s. Based on the analysis of positive and negative airflow, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the two airflow channels in the airflow distributor was determined to be 1∶3. Field tests showed that the loss rate of rapeseed header and side knife were 1.26% and 0.39% respectively after equipping scattered seed recovery device, and the loss rate was decreased by 21.8% and 47.3% respectively. The header loss and side knife loss were effectively reduced. The study can provide a reference for the design of low loss rapeseed header.

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關卓懷,江濤,沐森林,李海同,張敏,吳崇友.正負氣壓式油菜割臺分行落?;厥昭b置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(7):103-112,,249. GUAN Zhuohuai, JIANG Tao, MU Senlin, LI Haitong, ZHANG Min, WU Chongyou. Development and Test of Positive and Negative Pressure Combined Side Knife Cutting Scattered Seed Recovery Device for Rapeseed Header[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):103-112,249.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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