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建三江主要作物需水量變化趨勢(shì)與關(guān)鍵影響因子識(shí)別
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51979038、51825901,、51909033),、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFC0406004)、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(E2015024)和黑龍江省水文圖集修編項(xiàng)目(SWJFS-2018-009)


Change Trend and Key Influencing Factors Identification of Main Crops Water Demand in Jiansanjiang
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    摘要:

    基于建三江墾區(qū)1995—2018年逐日氣象數(shù)據(jù),,采用Penman-Monteith公式結(jié)合單作物系數(shù)法計(jì)算其主要作物水稻,、玉米,、大豆生育期的需水量,利用去趨勢(shì)預(yù)置白(TFPW)的Mann-Kendall(TFPW-MK)研究3種作物需水量變化特征,,并通過(guò)重標(biāo)極差(R/S)分析法預(yù)測(cè)作物未來(lái)需水量變化趨勢(shì),;借助通徑分析法研究6個(gè)氣象因子與作物需水量的相關(guān)性,識(shí)別了作物需水量變化的關(guān)鍵影響因子,,并分析了關(guān)鍵影響因子變化與作物需水量變化趨勢(shì)間的關(guān)系,。結(jié)果表明:建三江墾區(qū)主要作物水稻、玉米,、大豆全生育期需水量存在顯著差異,,3種作物多年平均需水量分別為484,84、425,91,、319,11mm,;影響水稻、玉米和大豆需水量的關(guān)鍵影響因子為平均氣溫,、凈輻射和日照時(shí)長(zhǎng),,對(duì)作物需水量有明顯增進(jìn)作用;風(fēng)速,、相對(duì)濕度通過(guò)與其他因子協(xié)同作用對(duì)作物需水量有一定限制作用,;在1995—2018年時(shí)間序列中,水稻和大豆的全生育期作物需水量呈上升趨勢(shì),,玉米的全生育期需水量呈下降趨勢(shì),;未來(lái),水稻和大豆全生育期需水量呈上升趨勢(shì),,玉米全生育期需水量呈降低趨勢(shì),。研究可為該墾區(qū)作物灌溉水量分配和灌溉制度的制定提供決策依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Studying the trend of crop water demand and identifying key influencing factors can provide a basis for scientific crop irrigation, improvement of agricultural water use efficiency, and optimal allocation of water resources. Based on the daily meteorological data of Jiansanjiang Reclamation Area from 1995 to 2018, according to the Penman-Monteith formula combined with the single-crop coefficient method, the water requirement of the main crops of rice, corn, and soybeans during the growth period were calculated. Using the trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) method to study the change characteristics of the water demand of three crops, adopt the rescaled range (R/S) analysis method to predict the change trend of the future water demand of the crops, and the path analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the influence of six meteorological factors such as average temperature, net radiation, sunshine hours, wind speed, precipitation, and relative humidity on crop water demand. The key influencing factors of water demand changes were determined, and the relationship between the change trend of key influencing factors and the change trend of water demand was analyzed. The results showed that the average multi-year water requirement of the reference crops in Jiansanjiang Reclamation Area was 606.68mm. The inter-annual changes in the water requirement of major crops such as rice, corn and soybeans during the growth period were relatively stable. There was a significant difference between the amount of water. The average multi-year water requirement of the three crops were 484.84mm, 425.91mm and 319.11mm, respectively. In the time series from 1995 to 2018, the water demand of rice and soybeans during the whole growth period showed an upward trend, while the water demand of maize during the whole growth period showed a downward trend. In the future, water demand during the whole growth period of rice and soybeans would increase, and water demand during the whole growth period of corn would decrease. Average temperature, radiation and sunshine hours were the key influencing factors for the water demand of rice, corn and soybeans, and they played a role in increasing the water demand. Precipitation increased the water demand of crops, but it was not obvious. Wind speed and relative humidity played a certain restrictive effect on the water demand of the three crops. Therefore, the water demand of rice, corn and soybeans in Jiansanjiang Reclamation Area was affected by many influencing factors. The change trend of water demand caused by the changes of meteorological factors during the whole growth period of rice and soybean was consistent with the change trend of water demand of rice and soybean in the TFPW-MK test analysis. The increase in the average temperature during the whole growth period of corn was not enough to offset the influence of radiation and the reduction of sunshine hours on the water requirement of corn, so the water requirement of corn showed a downward trend, which was consistent with the change trend of water requirement of corn in the TFPW-MK test analysis.

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邢貞相,喻熠,李鳳昱,王麗娟,付強(qiáng),王紅利.建三江主要作物需水量變化趨勢(shì)與關(guān)鍵影響因子識(shí)別[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(7):308-315,,346. XING Zhenxiang, YU Yi, LI Fengyu, WANG Lijuan, FU Qiang, WANG Hongli. Change Trend and Key Influencing Factors Identification of Main Crops Water Demand in Jiansanjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):308-315,,346.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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