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高地隙履帶自走式中間條鋪油菜割曬機設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金面上項目(52075210)、財政部和農業(yè)農村部:國家現代農業(yè)產業(yè)技術體系專項(CARS-12),、中國博士后科學基金項目(2020M682438)和湖北省丘陵山區(qū)主要農作物機械化生產關鍵技術裝備研發(fā)與集成示范項目


Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Middle-placement Rape Windrower with High Ground Elearance Crawler
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    摘要:

    針對常規(guī)油菜割曬機結構復雜,,對長江中下游地區(qū)油菜種植需開畦作溝、小田塊間溝梗交錯等適應性不足,,作業(yè)參數對鋪放質量的影響關系不明確,,導致機具通過性和鋪放質量有待提高等問題,設計了一種高地隙履帶自走式中間條鋪油菜割曬機,,開展了高地隙履帶式動力底盤,、橫向輸送裝置、切割系統,、液壓驅動系統等的設計與選型,,結合油菜栽培農藝開展了中間植株與兩側植株的鋪放過程分析,明確了直接與間接影響鋪放質量的植株參數,、割曬機技術參數與栽培農藝要求,。為驗證整機性能,開展了機具通過性能試驗與田間試驗,。性能試驗結果表明:割曬機在硬質路面與松軟土壤條件下直行平均偏移程度分別為0.73%和1.28%,,單邊制動條件下平均轉彎半徑分別為1.91m和2.03m,上下斜坡,、翻越田埂,、跨越畦溝過程較為平穩(wěn)。田間試驗結果表明:當機組前進速度為0.7m/s,、撥禾輪轉速為30r/min,、橫向輸送裝置轉速為240r/min、割刀曲柄轉速為320r/min時,,收獲綠熟期油菜的平均鋪放寬度與平均鋪放高度分別為968.7mm和389.4mm,,平均鋪放角為13.3°,上下層鋪放角度差為3.5°,;收獲黃熟期油菜的平均鋪放寬度與平均鋪放高度分別為956.8mm和468.3mm,,平均鋪放角為13.6°,上下層鋪放角度差為4.4°,;收獲不同成熟期油菜的鋪放質量基本滿足實際生產需求,,履帶式動力底盤左右兩側對廂面碾壓程度基本一致,,整機左右質量分配相對合理,。

    Abstract:

    Existing development of rape windrower, which could cut and windrow the plants, has the challenge to improve the trafficability and windrow quality to overcome the complicated field conditions, highlighting a need for exploration of the windrow equipment with simplified structure and stable trafficability. As a solution, the self-propelled middle-placement rape windrower with a high ground clearance crawler was designed. Except for the crawler, the transverse conveying device, cutting system, and hydraulic drive system were also designed and selected. Combined with the rapeseed cultivation agronomy, the laying process of plants was analyzed. The plant parameters, the technical parameters of the windrower and the cultivation agronomy requirements which directly and indirectly affected the quality of plants placement were determined. In order to verify the performance of the windrower, the trafficability test and field functional experiment were carried out. The trafficability test results showed that the average deviation degree of the windrower on hard road surface and soft soil was 0.73% and 1.28%, respectively, and the average turning radius of the windrower under unilateral braking condition was 1.91m and 2.03m, respectively. The windrower could work stable when driving uphill and downhill or overcoming the field ridge and ditch. To verify the function of the windrower, the field experiment was carried out. Under the condition of the forward speed of the machine was 0.7m/s, the reel rate was 30r/min,transverse conveying device rate was 240r/min, cutter crank rate was 320r/min, the average windrowing width was 968.7mm and the height was 389.4mm when harvesting the plants at the mature green stage. Besides, the average laying angle was 13.3°, and the difference between the upper and lower laying angles was 3.5°. When harvesting the plants at the yellow ripeness stage, the average windrowing width and height were 956.8mm and 468.3mm, respectively, while the average laying angle was 13.6°, and the difference of laying angle between upper and lower layers was 4.4°. The placement quality of harvesting rape plants at different maturity stages could both meet the basic requirement of rapeseed production. Furthermore, the soil compaction of each side of the crawler was almost the same, indicating that the mass distribution of the windrower was relatively reasonable. The research result can provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of rape windrower.

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萬星宇,舒彩霞,廖慶喜,樊偉,周啟凡,廖宜濤.高地隙履帶自走式中間條鋪油菜割曬機設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(9):109-121. WAN Xingyu, SHU Caixia, LIAO Qingxi, FAN Wei, ZHOU Qifan, LIAO Yitao. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Middle-placement Rape Windrower with High Ground Elearance Crawler[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(9):109-121.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-10
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