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全膜雙壟溝膜面氣流場與種床覆土互作過程模擬研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52065005、51775115),、甘肅省杰出青年基金項(xiàng)目(20JR10RA560),、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)科研杰出人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(13210261)、甘肅省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(20JR5RA029)和甘肅省教育廳優(yōu)秀研究生“創(chuàng)新之星”項(xiàng)目(2021CXZX-362)


Simulation of Interaction between Air Flow Field and Soil Seedbed Covering on Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges
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    摘要:

    為進(jìn)一步提升全膜雙壟溝種床構(gòu)建質(zhì)量,,合理膜面覆土及減少揚(yáng)塵,,探究膜面覆土與氣流間互作規(guī)律,本文以甘肅省定西市臨洮縣境內(nèi)52986號氣象觀測站點(diǎn)近30年的年平均風(fēng)速1.32m/s,、年平均極大風(fēng)速18.07m/s,、月平均極大風(fēng)速26.5m/s為仿真數(shù)據(jù)來源,以正北方向?yàn)榛鶞?zhǔn),,以農(nóng)戶經(jīng)驗(yàn)選擇覆膜方向范圍0°~90°的最小值,、中間值,、最大值為全膜雙壟溝種床構(gòu)建方向,分別建立T1(0°),、T2(45°),、T3(90°)3個種床模型,采用CFD-DEM氣固耦合技術(shù),,得出不同風(fēng)速,、不同方向下全膜雙壟溝種床覆土與氣流場間的互作機(jī)制,綜合空氣流場,、太陽輻射能,、耕地利用率對全膜雙壟溝種床構(gòu)建的影響,對其構(gòu)建方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,,最后進(jìn)行了田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),。種床覆土表面流場分析表明:當(dāng)空氣流速恒定時,橫腰帶覆土表面空氣最大流速由大到小依次是T3,、T1,、T2,大壟面覆土空氣流速與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)空氣流速差值由大到小依次是T3,、T1,、T2。種床覆土過程分析表明:當(dāng)空氣流速恒定時,,種床及土壤顆粒對氣流影響程度由大到小依次是T3,、T1、T2,,氣流對顆粒影響程度由大到小依次是T3,、T1、T2,。由此可知T3模型種床及覆土表面氣流速度最大,,所受氣流影響最大,膜面覆土移動距離最大,,易形成揚(yáng)塵,,同時大壟面覆膜交接點(diǎn)極易滲入氣流,引起大風(fēng)揭膜現(xiàn)象,,影響作物生長,,危及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。優(yōu)化后的種床構(gòu)建方法應(yīng)遵循種床覆土位移最小,、太陽輻射能最大,、構(gòu)建效率最快、南坡(向陽坡)耕地優(yōu)先、南北走向耕地優(yōu)先原則,,優(yōu)先采用模型依次是T1,、T2、T3,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)空氣流速為2.77m/s,、風(fēng)向北風(fēng)時,平均種床合格率由大到小依次是T2,、T1,、T3,覆膜效率,、耕地利用率,、采光面積占有率由大到小依次是T1、T3,、T2,,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真模擬結(jié)果高度一致,驗(yàn)證了模型的可靠性,。

    Abstract:

    To further improve the quality of film mulching soil on whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, rationally cover soil on the film surface, reduce dust, and explore the interaction between soil on the film surface and airflow, the annual mean wind speed of 1.32m/s, annual mean maximum wind speed of 18.07m/s, and monthly mean top wind speed of 26.5m/s in 52986 meteorological observation station of Lintao County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province in recent 30 years were used as simulation data source. Based on the experience of farmers, the minimum, middle and maximum values in the range of 0°~90° were the planting bed directions of whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, and three whole plastic-film planting bed models, T1(0°), T2(45°) and T3(90°), were established, respectively. Using CFD-DEM gas-solid coupling technology, the interaction mechanism of the wide large airflow field at different wind speeds and direction of membrane double dealt with all kinds of bed was got, and combining with the influence of solar radiation energy, cultivated land utilization of double-membrane dealt with all kinds of bed on the building, the building method was optimized, finally, the field validation test was carried out. The analysis result of the soil surface flow field showed that when the air velocity was constant, the maximum air velocity on the surface of the horizontal belt was T3, T1, and T2 in descending order, and the difference between the air velocity and the standard air velocity on the prominent ridge surface was T3, T1, and T2 in descending order. The analysis of soil covering the process of seedbed showed that when the air velocity was constant, the influence degree of seedbed and soil particles on airflow was T3, T1, and T2 in descending order, and the influence degree of airflow on particles was T3, T1, and T2 in descending order. Therefore, it can be seen that the air velocity of the T3 model seedbed and soil covering surface was the largest, which was affected by airflow, and the movement distance of film covering surface was the largest, which was easy to form dust. At the same time, the film covering the intersection point on a prominent ridge surface was easy to penetrate the airflow, causing film uncovering phenomenon in solid wind, affecting crop growth and endangering economic benefits. The optimized seedbed construction method should follow the principles of minimum soil cover displacement, maximum solar radiation energy, the fastest construction efficiency, the south slope (sunny slope) cultivated land priority, northsouth direction cultivated land priority, the priority model was T1, T2 and T3. Field test results showed that when the air velocity was 2.77m/s and the wind direction was north, the average pass rate of seedbed was T2, T1, and T3 from large to small, the film mulling efficiency, the utilization rate of cultivated land and the occupancy rate of lighting area were T1, T3, and T2 from large to small. The test results were entirely consistent with the simulation results, which mutually verified the reliability of the model.

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史瑞杰,趙武云,戴飛,宋學(xué)鋒,趙一鳴,王鋒.全膜雙壟溝膜面氣流場與種床覆土互作過程模擬研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(11):40-51. SHI Ruijie, ZHAO Wuyun, DAI Fei, SONG Xuefeng, ZHAO Yiming, WANG Feng. Simulation of Interaction between Air Flow Field and Soil Seedbed Covering on Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):40-51.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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