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小粒徑種子精量穴播集排器型孔輪設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000405)


Design and Test of Seeding Wheels of Precision Hole-seeding Centralized Metering Device for Small Particle Size Seeds
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)小粒徑種子型孔輪式排種器充種穩(wěn)定性差,、易卡種的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了具有傾斜拋物線型孔和環(huán)槽凸臺(tái)攪種結(jié)構(gòu)的型孔輪,,可實(shí)現(xiàn)油菜、芝麻和小白菜種子(2±1)粒/穴精量穴播,?;诜N子物料特性與種植農(nóng)藝要求,構(gòu)建了種子充種和投種過(guò)程的力學(xué)模型,,分析確定了型孔輪結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)充種和投種性能的影響規(guī)律及其取值范圍,;利用EDEM仿真和高速攝像臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)獲得了型孔拋物線頂點(diǎn)至型孔輪中心距離,、焦準(zhǔn)距、拋物線傾斜角,、寬度系數(shù),、側(cè)邊傾角及環(huán)槽凸臺(tái)深度的較優(yōu)值,確定了避免型孔卡種與環(huán)槽凸臺(tái)拖帶種子的臨界條件,,得出了種子物料特性與型孔輪較優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的量化關(guān)系,。利用JPS-12型試驗(yàn)臺(tái)開(kāi)展較優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下華油雜62、航天新芝T31-8和五月慢的排種性能試驗(yàn),,3種類型種子穴粒數(shù)合格率為92.00%,、90.00%、90.67%,,穴距合格率為83.67%,、81.83%、82.50%,。田間試驗(yàn)表明,,華油雜62平均出苗數(shù)為1.16株/穴,穴株數(shù)合格率89.67%((2±1)株/穴),,穴距合格率81.54%,;航天新芝T31-8平均出苗數(shù)為1.15株/穴,穴株數(shù)合格率85.77%((2±1)株/穴),,穴距合格率75.51%,;滿足油菜、芝麻精量穴播要求,,為小粒徑種子型孔輪式集排器關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of poor seed-filling performance and seeds were easily stuck in the seeding wheels of metering device for small particle size seeds,seeding wheels with inclined parabolic holes and stirring structure were designed which could plant 2±1 seeds of rapeseed sesame and pakchoi in one hole. Mechanical models for seed-filling and seed-casting were constructed. The range of main structural parameters of seeding wheels and how the parameters influence on seed-filling and seed-casting were analyzed, based on the mechanical and physical properties and precision hole-seeding requirements of rapeseed sesame and pakchoi. The influence of the main structural parameters on seed-filling was verified by using EDEM software, and high-speed camera. The optimal value of distance from parabolic vertex to circular center, focal distance, parabolic tilt angle, width coefficient, side tilt angle and churning structure height were determined. The critical conditions for avoiding seeds stuck in holes or dragged by churning structure were determined. The empirical formulas for calculating the optimal structure parameters by physical properties of seeds were presented. The JPS-12 test-bed was used to study the seeding performance of seeding wheels with the optimal structure for Huayouza 62, Hangtianxinzhi T31-8 and Wuyueman. The qualified rates of seeds per hole were 92.00%, 90.00% and 90.67%, and the qualified rates of hole spacing were 83.67%, 81.83% and 82.50%, respectively. Field tests showed that the average number of Huayouza 62 seedlings per hole was 1.16, the qualified rate of 2±1 seedlings per hole was 89.67%, and the qualified rate of hole spacing was 81.54%;the average number of Hangtianxinzhi T31-8 seedlings per hole was 1.15, the qualified rate of 2±1 seedlings per hole was 85.77%, and the qualified rate of hole spacing was 75.51%. The metering device could meet the requirements of precision hole-seeding for rapeseed and sesame. The research result can provide a reference for the design and research of seeding wheels of metering device for small particle size seeds.

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王寶山,王磊,廖宜濤,吳崇,曹梅,廖慶喜.小粒徑種子精量穴播集排器型孔輪設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(11):64-75,,119. WANG Baoshan, WANG Lei, LIAO Yitao, WU Chong, CAO Mei, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Test of Seeding Wheels of Precision Hole-seeding Centralized Metering Device for Small Particle Size Seeds[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):64-75,,119.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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