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基于無人機(jī)平臺的綠肥種子撒播裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)綠肥產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-22)和中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院所級基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(S202012)


Design and Experiment of Green Manure Seed Broadcast Sowing Device Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform
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    摘要:

    針對水稻收獲前稻田以及丘陵山區(qū)播種綠肥,存在機(jī)具無法下田作業(yè),、人工撒播勞動強(qiáng)度大的問題,,基于農(nóng)用多旋翼無人機(jī)平臺,設(shè)計(jì)離心甩盤式綠肥種子撒播裝置,。該裝置可與多品牌無人機(jī)方便,、快速組配掛接,主要由掛接機(jī)構(gòu),、種箱,、排種機(jī)構(gòu)、撒種機(jī)構(gòu)及自動控制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成,,設(shè)計(jì)螺旋輸送式排種機(jī)構(gòu)可實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)穩(wěn)定定量排種,,優(yōu)化撒種機(jī)構(gòu)使得撒播更加均勻順暢,控制系統(tǒng)可跟隨無人機(jī)飛行速度控制排種機(jī)構(gòu)排種量,,并根據(jù)不同品種綠肥種子設(shè)定撒種機(jī)構(gòu)甩種盤轉(zhuǎn)速,,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)多品種綠肥種子定量排種、均勻撒播,。選取典型綠肥品種紫云英種子為試驗(yàn)物料,,以撒播均勻性變異系數(shù)Y1和單位面積撒種量誤差Y2為評價(jià)指標(biāo),螺旋輸送器轉(zhuǎn)速A,、甩種盤轉(zhuǎn)速B,、飛行速度C為試驗(yàn)因素,開展三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果表明:螺旋輸送器轉(zhuǎn)速A和甩種盤轉(zhuǎn)速B對兩評價(jià)指標(biāo)影響極顯著,,飛行速度C對兩評價(jià)指標(biāo)影響顯著,影響撒播均勻性變異系數(shù)Y1的主次因素為B,、A,、C,影響單位面積撒種量誤差Y2的主次因素為A,、B,、C,最佳因素水平組合A2B2C2,,即A為190r/min,、B為1700r/min、C為5m/s時(shí),,Y1為28.47%,,Y2為11.81%。田間試驗(yàn)表明,在最佳參數(shù)組合下,,整體出苗良好,。該研究為改進(jìn)完善無人機(jī)離心甩盤式綠肥撒播裝置,以及大面積推廣綠肥種植提供了理論依據(jù)和裝備支撐,。

    Abstract:

    There are great difficulties in sowing green manure in paddy fields before rice harvest and in hilly and mountainous areas. These problems mainly include sowing equipment cannot work in the field and the labor intensity of manual sowing is high. Based on the agricultural multi rotor unmanned aerial vehicle platform, a centrifugal disc type green manure seed broadcast sowing device was developed, which can be used to sow seeds such as Chinese milk vetch and Orychophragmus violaceus. The device can be easily and quickly assembled and connected with unmanned aerial vehicle platform. It was mainly composed of hitch mechanism, seed box, seed metering mechanism, broadcast sowing mechanism and sowing automatic control system. The screw conveying seed metering mechanism was used to achieve continuous and stable quantitative seed metering. After the broadcast sowing mechanism was optimized, the seeding was more uniform and smooth. The control system can follow the unmanned aerial vehicle flight speed to control the seed amount of the seed metering mechanism, and set the rotation speed of the seed-rotating disc for broadcast sowing mechanism according to different varieties of green manure seeds, so as to complete the quantitative seeding and uniform sowing of different varieties of green manure. The seed of milk vetch, a typical green manure variety, was selected as the test object. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal performance test was carried out with setting variation coefficient of sowing uniformity Y1 and relative error of sowing rate Y2 as the evaluation indexes, rotation speed of the auger for seed metering mechanism A, rotation speed of the seed-rotating disc for broadcast sowing mechanism B and flight speed C as the influence factors. According to the results of orthogonal test, rotation speed of the auger for seed metering mechanism A and rotation speed of the seed-rotating disc for broadcast sowing mechanism B had extremely significant influence on the two evaluation indexes, flight speed C had significant influence on the two evaluation indexes. The importance order of the factors which affected the Y1 was B,,A and C, and affected the Y2 was A,B and C, the optimal combination of working parameters was A2BC2, A was 190r/min, B was 1700r/min, C was 5m/s, and Y1 was 28.47% , Y2 was 11.81%. The field experiment under the optimal combination of working parameters showed that the seedling emergence was good. The research result provided a theoretical basis for improving the green manure broadcast sowing device based on unmanned aerial vehicle platform, and provided equipment support for large-scale promotion of green manure planting.

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高學(xué)梅,游兆延,吳惠昌,彭寶良,王申瑩,曹明珠.基于無人機(jī)平臺的綠肥種子撒播裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(11):76-85. GAO Xuemei, YOU Zhaoyan, WU Huichang, PENG Baoliang, WANG Shenying, CAO Mingzhu. Design and Experiment of Green Manure Seed Broadcast Sowing Device Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):76-85.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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