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蔬菜自動移栽機對置秧盤交替自動取投苗機構(gòu)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700800)和湖南省科學(xué)技術(shù)廳重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2019NK2141)


Alternate Automatic Seedling Picking and Dropping Mechanism Based on Symmetrically Arranged Seedling Trays for Automatic Vegetable Transplanters
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有蔬菜自動移栽機莖稈夾持式和缽體頂出式取苗方式的缺點,,基于頂出-夾取結(jié)合式取苗方式,設(shè)計了一種適用于對稱布置可彎曲秧盤的交替式取投苗機構(gòu),。闡述了該機構(gòu)工作原理,、關(guān)鍵點運動軌跡和結(jié)構(gòu)組成。分析了關(guān)鍵因素對秧苗夾持點運動軌跡的影響方式并優(yōu)選了取值:驅(qū)動曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速10r/min,,取投苗搖桿長度為 309mm,,驅(qū)動氣缸伸出速度25mm/s,0.8s內(nèi)完成拔苗,,伸出時刻為提前0.4s,。該參數(shù)組合下秧苗夾持點在拔苗階段最大橫向位移9.6mm,累計橫向位移0mm,,理論提升高度44mm,,滿足取投苗作業(yè)理論要求。以苗齡45d的辣椒秧苗為作業(yè)對象,,進(jìn)行了栽植頻率70~120株/(min·行)的取投苗性能試驗,,試驗結(jié)果表明,該交替取投苗機構(gòu)在栽植頻率100株/(min·行)時可實現(xiàn)取苗成功率93%,,投苗成功率95%,,總體成功率88%,滿足取投苗作業(yè)要求,,驗證了該取投苗機構(gòu)的可行性,。

    Abstract:

    China is the largest vegetable producer and consumer in the world, and seedling transplanting is the main method of vegetable cultivation. To address the shortcomings of the two types of automatic vegetable transplanters, the stalk clamping type and the pot ejection type, which are used to pick up seedlings, an alternating seedling picking and dropping mechanism was designd based on the combined ejecting-clamping picking method for symmetrically arranged bendable seedling trays. The mechanism was driven by the combination of crank rocker and cylinder. After the seedling ejecting device released the seedling from the cavity wall of the seedling tray, the pneumatic seedling clip clamped the seedling from the seedling picking position to the seedling throwing position to complete the seedling picking and throwing operation, and the seedling picking and throwing were carried out alternately on the front and rear sides of the seedling tray, thus enhancing the efficiency. The working principle, key point motion trajectory and structural composition of the mechanism were analyzed. The influence of key factors on the trajectory of seedling clamping point was analyzed and the following values were selected. The drive crank speed was 10r/min, the length of the seedling throwing rocker was 309mm, the drive cylinder extension speed was 25mm/s, the seedling pulling was completed within 0.8s, and the extension moment was 0.4s ahead. Under this combination of parameters, the maximum lateral displacement of seedling clamping point in the seedling pulling stage was 9.6mm, the accumulated lateral displacement was 0mm, and the theoretical lifting height was 44mm, which met the theoretical requirements of seedling picking and dropping operation. The performance test of picking and dropping seedlings under the planting frequency of 70~120 seedlings/min in a single row was carried out with 45d growth time of pepper seedlings as the operation object. The test results showed that the mechanism can achieve 93% success rate of seedling picking, 95% success rate of seedling dropping and 88% overall success rate at planting frequency was 100 plants/min in a single row, which met the requirements of seedling picking and dropping operation. The feasibility of the seedling picking and dropping mechanism was verified.

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陳斌,胡廣發(fā),劉文,孫松林,孫超然,肖名濤.蔬菜自動移栽機對置秧盤交替自動取投苗機構(gòu)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(11):131-139,151. CHEN Bin, HU Guangfa, LIU Wen, SUN Songlin, SUN Chaoran, XIAO Mingtao. Alternate Automatic Seedling Picking and Dropping Mechanism Based on Symmetrically Arranged Seedling Trays for Automatic Vegetable Transplanters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):131-139,,151.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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