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深施型液肥對靶點(diǎn)施裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51905086,、51675093)、黑龍江省普通本科高等學(xué)校青年創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(UNPYSCT-2020100),、中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2019M661241)和黑龍江省博士后面上項(xiàng)目(LBH-Z19044)


Design and Experiment of Fertilizing Device for Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer with Target Fertilizing System
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    摘要:

    針對液肥穴深施機(jī)具存在施肥位置不準(zhǔn)確等問題,,結(jié)合機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和自動控制技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)了一種深施型液肥對靶點(diǎn)施裝置,,該裝置包括液肥深施開溝器和液肥對靶點(diǎn)施控制系統(tǒng),。設(shè)計(jì)液肥深施開溝器,構(gòu)建了開溝器與土壤間力學(xué)接觸模型和土粒質(zhì)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動學(xué)模型,,確定了開溝器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,解析了擾土和回土原理,應(yīng)用EDEM軟件建立開溝器-土壤離散元仿真模型,驗(yàn)證了液肥深施開溝器結(jié)構(gòu)可行性,。以單片機(jī)為核心開發(fā)一種液肥對靶點(diǎn)施系統(tǒng),,光電傳感器感知作物植株位置,測速模塊實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測裝置作業(yè)速度,,單片機(jī)結(jié)合作物植株位置信息和作業(yè)速度控制電磁閥啟閉,,實(shí)現(xiàn)液肥對靶點(diǎn)施作業(yè)。通過田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了裝置作業(yè)性能,,在作業(yè)速度為0.4~1.0m/s時(shí),,平均回土深度52.8mm,平均對靶率84.03%,,裝置回土性能和對靶噴肥性能穩(wěn)定,,滿足液肥深施農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Based on the problem of the uncertainty of fertilization position of existing liquid fertilizer deep application machine, combined with mechanical structure design and automatic control technology, a fertilizing device for deep application of liquid fertilizer with target fertilizing system was proposed, which included a liquid fertilizer deep application trencher and a liquid fertilizer target application control system. The furrow opener for deep application of liquid fertilizer was innovatively designed, the mechanical contact model between the furrow opener and soil was constructed, the dynamatic model of soil above the furrow opener was constructed, the structural parameters of the furrow opener were determined, the soil disturbed and falling principle was analyzed, and EDEM software was used to build the DEM simulation model of furrow opener-soil, the feasibility of the furrow opener structure for deep application of liquid fertilizer was verified. A target fertilizing system was developed with microcontroller as the core, using photoelectric sensor and solenoid valve synergy, the photoelectric sensor sensed the crop plant position, the speed measurement module measured the device operation speed in real time, and the microcontroller combined the crop plant position information and operation speed to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve to complete the liquid fertilizer target fertilizing operation. The fertilizing device for deep application of liquid fertilizer with target fertilizing system was verified through field experiments. At the operation speed of 0.4~1.0m/s, the average depth of return soil was 52.8mm, the average target application rate was 84.03%, and the return performance and target application performance of the device were stable, which could meet the agronomic requirements of liquid fertilizer deep application.

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王金武,劉子銘,孫小博,唐漢,王奇,周文琪.深施型液肥對靶點(diǎn)施裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(11):152-162. WANG Jinwu, LIU Ziming, SUN Xiaobo, TANG Han, WANG Qi, ZHOU Wenqi. Design and Experiment of Fertilizing Device for Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer with Target Fertilizing System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):152-162.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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